Layer-by-layer assembled hybrid materials for sustainable applications

Organic / inorganic hybrids are widely used in nature to mimic biological functions providing a specific morphology and functionality to materials and surfaces. In this review, we focus on construction, properties and application of Layer-by-Layer assembled hybrid materials. Use of polyelectrolytes, block copolymers and block copolymer micelles, hydrogels and functional nanoparticles, nanotubes, clays and active chemicals (corrosion inhibitors, biocides, growth factors) for the formation of Layer-by-Layer assemblies is in focus. The Layer-by-Layer assembled hybrids are sensitive to a great variety of chemical, physical, biological and mechanical stimuli and demonstrate pronounced morphological (thickness, permeability, roughness etc.) and compositional (release of low molecular weight compounds, pH buffering effect) changes on demand. Here we highlight construction, properties and application of Layer-by-Layer assembled hybrid materials. Use of polyelectrolytes, block copolymers and block copolymer micelles, hydrogels and functional nanoparticles, nanotubes, clays and active chemicals (corrosion inhibitors, biocides, growth factors) for the formation of Layer-by-Layer assemblies is in focus. The Layer-by-Layer assembled hybrids are responsive to chemical, physical, biological and mechanical stimuli and demonstrate pronounced morphological (thickness, permeability, roughness etc.) and compositional (release of low molecular weight compounds, pH buffering effect) changes on demand. This review is focused on sustainable applications of the Layer-by-Layer assembled hybrids in active corrosion protection, design of bioactive and self-healing interfaces, and construction of encapsulation systems as an effective platform for biomedical applications including cell encapsulation and tissue growth, and formation of multifunctional sensors. We also demonstrate that a combination of Layer-by-Layer approach with other techniques of hybrid material preparation such as atomic / molecular layer deposition can improve functional properties of stimuli responsive hybrids and broadens the area of their applications.