Comparative Analysis of the French-Russian Dictionary by N.P. Makarov (1910), the New French-Russian Dictionary by V.G. Gak, K.N. Ganshina (2006) and the Electronic Dictionary "Multitran"

The article is devoted to a comparison of paper and electronic French-Russian dictionaries. The material for the study was dictionary entries starting with the letter p from the French-Russian dictionary by N.P. Makarov, the new French-Russian dictionary by V.G. Gak and K.A. Ganshina and the Multitran electronic dictionary. The advantages and disadvantages of various types of dictionaries are considered. In the analyzed dictionaries there is an expansion of the semantic field. We are talking about words in which the development of the expressed meaning is noted as a result of historical, technical and scientific progress. There is no reduction in the semantic volume of lexical units in the Multitran dictionary. At the same time, the lexical meaning of words changes in the electronic dictionary. There is an increase in the number of lexical units in the New French-Russian Dictionary, as well as in the Multitran dictionary. This is due to the following factors: a change in the structure of the word as an object of social and cultural heritage; borrowing a word from another language; the emergence of new words to designate objects and phenomena that were previously absent in culture, science, technology and art. Some lexemes have seen a complete reduction in their semantic scope; in other words, some words have become obsolete and, in turn, have completely fallen out of use. Thus, some lexemes that are present in the dictionary of N.P. Makarov, were not included in the dictionaries of V.G. Gak and Multitran. We can note the appearance of a large number of borrowings and neologisms in the Multitran dictionary. The article also concludes about some advantages and disadvantages of the electronic dictionary in some respects.