The structure of parastomal complications, predictors of their development: regional experience of the Center of Coloproctology of the Surgut District Clinical Hospital

Objective: to study the structure of parastomal complications and predictors of their development in patients with intestinal stoma.

Materials and methods: a single-center retrospective analysis of the treatment results of 770 (100.0%) patients with colostomy and ileostomy observed in 2019–2023 in the District Center of Coloproctology of the Surgut District Clinical Hospital was carried out. There were 353 (45.8%) women and 417 (54.2%) men in the study group. The average age was 62 (55–68) years. The causes of the stoma were: malignant tumors of the intestine and pelvic organs in 617 (80.1%) patients, benign diseases of the abdominal cavity and pelvis in 153 (19.9%) patients.

Results: parastomal complications were detected in 457 (59.4%) people. The most common skin complication is maceration – it was noted in 111 (24.3%) people. The most common complication in the postoperative period was the formation of a parastomal hernia in 142 (31.1%) patients. The average age of people with stoma complications was 63 [56; 69] years (p = 0.003). In addition, it was found that a statistically significant risk factor for complications in the analyzed group was the presence of a loop stoma (p = 0.018). The chances of complications in the group of patients with a loop stoma were 1.511 times higher, the odds differences were statistically significant (95% CI: 1,071–2,131).

Conclusions: parastomal complications develop in 59.4% of patients. The most common complications associated with the presence of a stoma develop in persons of both sexes over the age of 63, more oſten in patients with a loop stoma.