American Diabetes Association
Diabetes Care
,  volume 47 ,  issue 9 ,  pages 1673-1681

Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Late Morning and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

Jin Dai 1
, 
Roch A. Nianogo 1
, 
Nathan D. Wong 2, 3
, 
Tannaz Moin 4, 5
, 
Amanda C. McClain 6
, 
Sarah Alver 7
, 
Christina Cordero 8
, 
Martha L. Daviglus 9
, 
Qibin Qi 10
, 
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez 11
, 
Liwei Chen 1
1
 
2
 
3
 
4
 
5
 
4Health Services Research and Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA | 
6
 
7
 
8
 
7Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL | 
9
 
10
 
11
 
10Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC | 
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2024-07-23
American Diabetes Association
scimago Q1
wos Q1
SJR: 6.566
CiteScore: 30.5
Impact factor: 16.6
ISSN: 19355548, 01495992
DOI:  10.2337/dc24-0564
PubMed ID:  39042564
Abstract
OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the association between meal timing and type 2 diabetes risk in U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a multicenter, community-based, prospective cohort study. This study included 8,868 HCHS/SOL adults without diabetes at baseline (2008–2011) and attending the visit 2 examination (2014–2017). Energy intake and glycemic load (GL) in each meal timing were assessed at baseline using two 24-h dietary recalls. Incident diabetes was identified through annual follow-up calls or at visit 2. Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes were estimated using Cox models, accounting for the complex survey design.

RESULTS

The study population (50.9% female) had a baseline mean age of 39.0 (95% CI, 38.4–39.5) years. Over a median (range) follow-up of 5.8 (0.8–9.6) years, 1,262 incident diabetes cases were documented. Greater energy intake and GL in late morning (9:00–11:59 a.m.) were associated with a lower diabetes risk, whereas greater energy intake and GL in other meal timings were not. After accounting for diet quantity and quality, sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and chronic conditions, the HRs were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91–0.97) per 100-kcal energy intake increment and 0.93 (0.89–0.97) per 10-unit GL increment in late morning. Replacing energy intake or GL from early morning (6:00–8:59 a.m.), afternoon (12:00–5:59 p.m.), or evening (6:00–11:59 p.m.) with late-morning equivalents was associated with a comparably lower diabetes risk.

CONCLUSIONS

This study identified late morning as a favorable meal timing in Hispanic/Latino adults, providing a novel perspective on type 2 diabetes prevention that warrants confirmation.

Found 
Found 

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GOST Copy
Dai J. et al. Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Late Morning and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study // Diabetes Care. 2024. Vol. 47. No. 9. pp. 1673-1681.
GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy
Dai J., Nianogo R. A., Wong N. D., Moin T., McClain A. C., Alver S., Cordero C., Daviglus M. L., Qi Q., Sotres-Alvarez D., Chen L. Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Late Morning and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study // Diabetes Care. 2024. Vol. 47. No. 9. pp. 1673-1681.
RIS |
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RIS Copy
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.2337/dc24-0564
UR - https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/doi/10.2337/dc24-0564/157018/Energy-Intake-and-Dietary-Glycemic-Load-in-Late
TI - Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Late Morning and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
T2 - Diabetes Care
AU - Dai, Jin
AU - Nianogo, Roch A.
AU - Wong, Nathan D.
AU - Moin, Tannaz
AU - McClain, Amanda C.
AU - Alver, Sarah
AU - Cordero, Christina
AU - Daviglus, Martha L.
AU - Qi, Qibin
AU - Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela
AU - Chen, Liwei
PY - 2024
DA - 2024/07/23
PB - American Diabetes Association
SP - 1673-1681
IS - 9
VL - 47
PMID - 39042564
SN - 1935-5548
SN - 0149-5992
ER -
BibTex |
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BibTex (up to 50 authors) Copy
@article{2024_Dai,
author = {Jin Dai and Roch A. Nianogo and Nathan D. Wong and Tannaz Moin and Amanda C. McClain and Sarah Alver and Christina Cordero and Martha L. Daviglus and Qibin Qi and Daniela Sotres-Alvarez and Liwei Chen},
title = {Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Late Morning and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study},
journal = {Diabetes Care},
year = {2024},
volume = {47},
publisher = {American Diabetes Association},
month = {jul},
url = {https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/doi/10.2337/dc24-0564/157018/Energy-Intake-and-Dietary-Glycemic-Load-in-Late},
number = {9},
pages = {1673--1681},
doi = {10.2337/dc24-0564}
}
MLA
Cite this
MLA Copy
Dai, Jin, et al. “Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Late Morning and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.” Diabetes Care, vol. 47, no. 9, Jul. 2024, pp. 1673-1681. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/doi/10.2337/dc24-0564/157018/Energy-Intake-and-Dietary-Glycemic-Load-in-Late.