Open Access
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Slovenian Veterinary Research, volume 57, issue 3

ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES ON Combretum dolichopetalum ENGL. & DIELS LEAVES

Emelike C.U., Anyaehie U.S., Iyare E.E., Obike C.A., Eleazu C., Chukwu C.
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2020-10-05
scimago Q4
SJR: 0.142
CiteScore: 0.6
Impact factor: 0.3
ISSN: 15804003, 23858761
General Veterinary
Abstract

We studied the acute and sub-acute toxicity of Combretum dolichopetalum leaves in experimental mice and rats respectively using standard techniques. The LD50 of the methanol extract of Combretum dolichopetalum leaves as carried out in experimental mice was obtained as more than 5000 mg/kg body weight. Administration of graded doses (100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) of the extract for 21 days resulted in increases in body weights, white blood cells (WBC), Neutrophils, red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) of the rats; but did not affect (P0.05) their monocytes, mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet (PLT) levels. All doses of the extract did not affect (P0.05) the sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urea, creatinine, total and conjugated bilirubin, alanine and aspartate amino transaminase, aspartate amino transaminase, alkaline phosphatase activities; relative liver and kidney weights of the rats, a finding that was corroborated by histology of the liver and the kidney. The extract at 100 mg/kg had no effect on the PCV and HB of the rats. The study suggested the therapeutic potentials of Combretum dolichopetalum as a blood booster. Finally, the study revealed the safety in the usage of Combretum dolichopetalum leaves in Nigerian ethnomedicine.Key words: ethnopharmacology; Combretum dolichopetalum; toxicology; herbal medicine; nutraceutical; pharmacotherapyAKUTNA IN SUBAKUTNA ŠTUDIJA TOKSIČNOSTI LISTOV RASTLINE Combretum dolichopetalumPovzetek: S standardnimi metodami smo pri poskusnih miših in podganah proučevali akutno in subakutno toksičnost listov Combretum dolichopetalum. LD50 metanolnega izvlečka listov Combretum dolichopetalum je bil pri poskusnih miših nad 5000  mg/kg telesne teže. Enaindvajsetdnevno dodajanje naraščajočih odmerkov (100, 200, 400 in 800 mg/kg) izvlečka je pri poskusnih podganah povzročilo povečanje telesne mase, števila belih krvničk (WBC), nevtrofilcev, rdečih krvničk (RBC), volumna stisnjenih  eritrocitov (PCV), hemoglobina (HGB), povprečnega volumna eritrocitov (MCV) in povprečno vsebino hemoglobina v eritrocitih (MCH), ni pa vplivalo (p 0,05) na število monocitov, povprečno koncentracijo hemoglobina v volumnu eritrocitov (MCHC)  ter na povprečno vrednost trombocitov (PLT). Nobeden od odmerkov izvlečka ni vplival na (p 0,05) vrednosti natrija, kalija, klorida, bikarbonata, sečnine, kreatinina, skupnega bilirubina in vezanega bilirubina, alanina, aspartatne amino transaminaze, aspartatne amino transaminaze, alkalne fosfataze; relativno težo jeter in ledvic podgan, kar je bilo v skladu s histološko preiskavo jeter in  ledvic. Izvleček v odmerku 100 mg/kg ni vplival na PCV in HB podgan. Študija tako kaže na možnost uporabe rastline Combretum  dolichopetalum za izboljšanje krvne slike. Raziskava je dokazala varnost uporabe listov Combretum dolichopetalum, ki se tradicionalno uporabljajo v Nigeriji v etnomedicini.Ključne besede: etnofarmakologija; Combretum dolichopetalum; toksikologija; zeliščna zdravila; hranila; farmakoterapija

Found 3
By date By citations
Springer Nature
An in-vogue plant, Peronema canescens Jack: traditional uses and scientific evidence of its bioactivities
Shalihin M.I., Khatib A., Yusnaidar Y., Tarigan I.L., Latief M.
Discover Plants , 
2024-12-17,  citations by CoLab: 0 ,  Abstract  
AbstractPeronema canescens Jack (sungkai) has been utilized to treat numerous medical conditions in the traditional healing practices of people in Sumatra and Borneo for generations. The diverse secondary metabolites in the plant give preliminary scientific evidence of the validity of its traditional uses and further studies have confirmed its various bioactivities. The plant’s pharmacological properties have been studied occasionally before 2020, leading to its antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activity discoveries. In 2020, sungkai was rumored to be able to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which made it gain popularity that changed the history of its pharmacological studies dramatically. Since then, research on sungkai has been pursued exponentially in more diversified and specialized bioactivities. Recent studies over the past three years revealed that the plant further has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antidiabetic activities. Reports continue to emerge suggesting the presence of other sungkai’s bioactivities. A comprehensive review was presented covering the topic, starting from the discussion of traditional uses of sungkai to its bioactivity studies. The review is integrated with the key events of its bioactivity studies development in history and its link to the current studies. Most recent scientific evidence of sungkai bioactivities is discussed and critically analyzed to give insight into its future development direction. Additionally, the attempt to develop numerous derivative products from sungkai is also briefly introduced. Scientific studies evince that sungkai is a promising plant as a source of bioactive compounds that could be developed for modern medicine.
Elsevier
GC–MS analysis of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and effects of administration on histology of reproductive organs and liver of female rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress
Chukwu O.O., Iyare C.O., Emelike C.U., Ezimah A.C., Asogwa N.T., Konyefom N.G.
Food Chemistry Advances scimago Q2 Open Access , 
2024-06-01,  citations by CoLab: 0 ,  Abstract  
Exposure to several stressors and other lifestyle factors converge to affect the chemistry, structure, and function of body tissues over time. Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) protocol has been widely used to study the impact of stress exposure in several animal models. Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) is known to have hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. The study aimed to determine the effect of the administration of MOLE during conditions of chronic stress on the histology of reproductive organs, heart and liver. Twenty mature inbred healthy virgin female Wistar rats were randomly placed into four groups of five rats per group as follows: Group One (water and normal rat chow ad libitum), Group Two (CUS protocol only), Group Three (CUS protocol + 200 mg/kg MOLE), Group Four (CUS protocol + 300 mg/kg of MOLE). CUS protocol was applied unpredictably for two weeks. The chromatogram of the GC–MS analysis indicated the presence of 41 compounds. Photomicrograph examination of the uterus, ovaries, and liver showed severe alterations in the histology of the tissues. Consumption of MOLE during chronic stress has shown deleterious effects and is not advised for consumption during stress conditions.
Walter de Gruyter
Effect of perinatal administration of flavonoid-rich extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa to feed-restricted rats, on offspring postnatal growth and reproductive development
Chukwu O.O., Emelike C.U., Konyefom N.G., Ibekailo S.N., Azubuike-Osu S.O., Ezimah A.C., Iyare E.E.
Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences scimago Q4 wos Q3 Open Access , 
2021-06-01,  citations by CoLab: 1 ,  PDF,  Abstract  
Abstract Developmental programming is a process where stimulus or insult acting during critical periods of growth and development might permanently alter tissue anatomy and physiology so as to produce adverse effects in adult life. Most forms of exposure include maternal nutrient deprivation, nutrient excess, exogenous glucocorticoid excess and endogenous glucocorticoid due to maternal stress. Hibiscus sabdariffa (Hs) are highly rich in phenolic compounds with marked physiological activities, the sweetened aqueous extract of Hs, commonly known as “Zobo’ in Nigeria, is consumed by humans including pregnant and lactating mothers. This study aimed at determining effects of perinatal administration of flavonoid-rich extract from Hs to feed-restricted rats, on offspring postnatal growth and reproductive development. Twenty-five pregnant female rats were used. Rats were randomly placed into five groups of five rats per group (one animal per cage): Group I (Normal control); Group II (feed-restricted control); Group III (5 mg/kg extract + 70% feed-restricted diet); Group IV (10 mg/kg extract + 70% feed-restricted diet); Group V (20 mg/kg extract + 70% feed-restricted diet). Dams were allowed to nurse only 8 pups. Pups were weaned to ad libitum feed and water and were observed daily for puberty onset. Weights, lengths and body mass index (BMI) of pups were measured at delivery, weaning and puberty onset. At onset of puberty in each of the rats, blood samples were collected for determination of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol and testosterone. Reproductive organs were excised and weighed for histology. The extract caused significant increase in postnatal weight, length and BMI of offspring at birth, weaning and puberty onset and significantly delayed puberty onset in both sexes. There was significant increase in absolute and relative weights of testes and ovaries with alterations in histology. This study has shown that maternal consumption of flavonoid-rich extract of Hs during pregnancy and lactation may accelerate offspring postnatal growth with delay in onset of puberty.

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