Basic Components and Structures of Millimeter-Wave Range APAA

As follows from the analysis of schematic diagrams of transceiver modules of antenna arrays, the phase shifter is a critical functional element. The results of developing phase shifters for the millimeter wave range of waveguide and integral types based on lumped high-speed semiconductor elements are presented. Diagrams and parameters of discrete phase shifters intended to create active phased antenna arrays (APAA) modules are considered. The results of known research studies and developments of integrated elements of phased arrays using the ferrite Faraday phase shifters in 8-mm and 3-mm wavelength ranges are presented that provide electrical scanning of the beam with deflection from the normal to the antenna opening up to 45–60° along two coordinates. The parameters of conical-shaped surface wave antenna radiators and the dependences of the gain and beam width on the ratio of the radiator size to the wavelength are also presented.