Open Access
Frontiers in Earth Science, volume 9
Transient Effects in Atmosphere and Ionosphere Preceding the 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 Gorkha–Nepal Earthquakes
Ouzounov Dimitar
1
,
Pulinets Sergey
2
,
Davidenko Dmitry
2
,
Rozhnoi Alexandr
3
,
Solovieva Maria
3
,
Fedun Viktor
4
,
Dwivedi B. N.
5, 6
,
Rybin Anatoly
7
,
Kafatos Menas
1
,
Taylor Patrick
8
1
Center of Excellence for Earth Systems Science and Observations, Chapman University, United States
|
4
Plasma Dynamics Group, Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
|
8
NASA GSFC, United States
|
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2021-11-23
Journal:
Frontiers in Earth Science
Quartile SCImago
Q1
Quartile WOS
Q2
Impact factor: 2.9
ISSN: 22966463
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract
We analyze retrospectively/prospectively the transient variations of six different physical parameters in the atmosphere/ionosphere during the M7.8 and M7.3 earthquakes in Nepal, namely: 1) outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA); 2) GPS/TEC; 3) the very-low-frequency (VLF/LF) signals at the receiving stations in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) and Varanasi (India); 4) Radon observations; 5) Atmospheric chemical potential from assimilation models; and; 6) Air Temperature from NOAA ground stations. We found that in mid-March 2015, there was a rapid increase in the radiation from the atmosphere observed by satellites. This anomaly was located close to the future M7.8 epicenter and reached a maximum on April 21–22. The GPS/TEC data analysis indicated an increase and variation in electron density, reaching a maximum value during April 22–24. A strong negative TEC anomaly in the crest of EIA (Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly) occurred on April 21, and a strong positive anomaly was recorded on April 24, 2015. The behavior of VLF-LF waves along NWC-Bishkek and JJY-Varanasi paths has shown abnormal behavior during April 21–23, several days before the first, stronger earthquake. Our continuous satellite OLR analysis revealed this new strong anomaly on May 3, which was why we anticipated another major event in the area. On May 12, 2015, an M7.3 earthquake occurred. Our results show coherence between the appearance of these pre-earthquake transient’s effects in the atmosphere and ionosphere (with a short time-lag, from hours up to a few days) and the occurrence of the 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 events. The spatial characteristics of the pre-earthquake anomalies were associated with a large area but inside the preparation region estimated by Dobrovolsky-Bowman. The pre-earthquake nature of the signals in the atmosphere and ionosphere was revealed by simultaneous analysis of satellite, GPS/TEC, and VLF/LF and suggest that they follow a general temporal-spatial evolution pattern that has been seen in other large earthquakes worldwide.
Citations by journals
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6 publications, 26.09%
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1 publication, 4.35%
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1 publication, 4.35%
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Sensors
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1 publication, 4.35%
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1 publication, 4.35%
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1 publication, 4.35%
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Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute
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Citations by publishers
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12
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
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12 publications, 52.17%
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Copernicus
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Copernicus
2 publications, 8.7%
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Elsevier
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Elsevier
2 publications, 8.7%
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IEEE
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IEEE
2 publications, 8.7%
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Frontiers Media S.A.
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Frontiers Media S.A.
1 publication, 4.35%
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Pleiades Publishing
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Pleiades Publishing
1 publication, 4.35%
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2
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12
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- We do not take into account publications that without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.
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Ouzounov D. et al. Transient Effects in Atmosphere and Ionosphere Preceding the 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 Gorkha–Nepal Earthquakes // Frontiers in Earth Science. 2021. Vol. 9.
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Ouzounov D., Pulinets S., Davidenko D., Rozhnoi A., Solovieva M., Fedun V., Dwivedi B. N., Rybin A., Kafatos M., Taylor P. Transient Effects in Atmosphere and Ionosphere Preceding the 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 Gorkha–Nepal Earthquakes // Frontiers in Earth Science. 2021. Vol. 9.
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TY - JOUR
DO - 10.3389/feart.2021.757358
UR - https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffeart.2021.757358
TI - Transient Effects in Atmosphere and Ionosphere Preceding the 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 Gorkha–Nepal Earthquakes
T2 - Frontiers in Earth Science
AU - Ouzounov, Dimitar
AU - Pulinets, Sergey
AU - Davidenko, Dmitry
AU - Rozhnoi, Alexandr
AU - Solovieva, Maria
AU - Fedun, Viktor
AU - Dwivedi, B. N.
AU - Rybin, Anatoly
AU - Kafatos, Menas
AU - Taylor, Patrick
PY - 2021
DA - 2021/11/23 00:00:00
PB - Frontiers Media S.A.
VL - 9
SN - 2296-6463
ER -
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@article{2021_Ouzounov,
author = {Dimitar Ouzounov and Sergey Pulinets and Dmitry Davidenko and Alexandr Rozhnoi and Maria Solovieva and Viktor Fedun and B. N. Dwivedi and Anatoly Rybin and Menas Kafatos and Patrick Taylor},
title = {Transient Effects in Atmosphere and Ionosphere Preceding the 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 Gorkha–Nepal Earthquakes},
journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
year = {2021},
volume = {9},
publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
month = {nov},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffeart.2021.757358},
doi = {10.3389/feart.2021.757358}
}