Open Access
Open access
Frontiers in Immunology, volume 14

Human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in health and disease

Silvia Redondo-García 1
Christopher Barritt 1, 2, 3
Charys Papagregoriou 1
Muchaala Yeboah 1
Björn Frendeus 1, 4
Mark S. Cragg 1, 5
Ali Roghanian 1, 5
Publication typeJournal Article
Publication date2023-11-13
scimago Q1
wos Q1
SJR1.868
CiteScore9.8
Impact factor5.7
ISSN16643224
Immunology
Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

Human leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILR) are a family of 11 innate immunomodulatory receptors, primarily expressed on lymphoid and myeloid cells. LILRs are either activating (LILRA) or inhibitory (LILRB) depending on their associated signalling domains (D). With the exception of the soluble LILRA3, LILRAs mediate immune activation, while LILRB1-5 primarily inhibit immune responses and mediate tolerance. Abnormal expression and function of LILRs is associated with a range of pathologies, including immune insufficiency (infection and malignancy) and overt immune responses (autoimmunity and alloresponses), suggesting LILRs may be excellent candidates for targeted immunotherapies. This review will discuss the biology and clinical relevance of this extensive family of immune receptors and will summarise the recent developments in targeting LILRs in disease settings, such as cancer, with an update on the clinical trials investigating the therapeutic targeting of these receptors.

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