T3 levels and thyroid hormone signaling
The clinical availability of tissue-specific biomarkers of thyroid hormone (TH) action constitutes a “holy grail” for the field. Scientists have investigated several TH-dependent markers, including the tissue content of triiodothyronine (T3)—the active form of TH. The study of animal models and humans indicates that the T3 content varies among different tissues, mostly due to the presence of low-affinity, high-capacity cytoplasmic T3 binding proteins. Nonetheless, given that T3 levels in the plasma and tissues are in equilibrium, T3 signaling is defined by the intracellular free T3 levels. The available techniques to assess tissue T3 are invasive and not clinically applicable. However, the tracer kinetic studies revealed that serum T3 levels can accurately predict tissue T3 content and T3 signaling in most tissues, except for the brain and pituitary gland. This is true not only for normal individuals but also for patients with hypo or hyperthyroidism–but not for patients with non-thyroidal illness syndrome. Given this direct relationship between serum and tissue T3 contents and T3 signaling in most tissues, clinicians managing patients with hypothyroidism could refocus attention on monitoring serum T3 levels. Future clinical trials should aim at correlating clinical outcomes with serum T3 levels.
Top-30
Citations by journals
1
2
|
|
Frontiers in Endocrinology
2 publications, 7.41%
|
|
Frontiers in Medicine
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
eFood
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
FASEB Journal
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
AACE Clinical Case Reports
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Cells
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
eLife
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Endocrine Practice
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Thyroid Research
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Endocrine
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Russian Chemical Reviews
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Cureus
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
JCI insight
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Thyroid
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Neurologist
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
BMC Endocrine Disorders
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Metabolites
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Cancer Cell
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Vitamins and Hormones
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Scientific Reports
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
1
2
|
Citations by publishers
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
|
Springer Nature
6 publications, 22.22%
|
|
Elsevier
4 publications, 14.81%
|
|
Frontiers Media S.A.
3 publications, 11.11%
|
|
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
2 publications, 7.41%
|
|
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
2 publications, 7.41%
|
|
Wiley
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
SAGE
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
The Endocrine Society
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
eLife Sciences Publications
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
American Society for Clinical Investigation
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Mary Ann Liebert
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
Wolters Kluwer Health
1 publication, 3.7%
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
- We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.