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Frontiers in Endocrinology, volume 13

T3 levels and thyroid hormone signaling

Federico Salas-Lucia ¹

Antonio C. Bianco ¹

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Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, United States |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2022-10-27

Frontiers Media S.A.

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor: 5.2

ISSN: 16642392

DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1044691

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Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Abstract

The clinical availability of tissue-specific biomarkers of thyroid hormone (TH) action constitutes a “holy grail” for the field. Scientists have investigated several TH-dependent markers, including the tissue content of triiodothyronine (T3)—the active form of TH. The study of animal models and humans indicates that the T3 content varies among different tissues, mostly due to the presence of low-affinity, high-capacity cytoplasmic T3 binding proteins. Nonetheless, given that T3 levels in the plasma and tissues are in equilibrium, T3 signaling is defined by the intracellular free T3 levels. The available techniques to assess tissue T3 are invasive and not clinically applicable. However, the tracer kinetic studies revealed that serum T3 levels can accurately predict tissue T3 content and T3 signaling in most tissues, except for the brain and pituitary gland. This is true not only for normal individuals but also for patients with hypo or hyperthyroidism–but not for patients with non-thyroidal illness syndrome. Given this direct relationship between serum and tissue T3 contents and T3 signaling in most tissues, clinicians managing patients with hypothyroidism could refocus attention on monitoring serum T3 levels. Future clinical trials should aim at correlating clinical outcomes with serum T3 levels.

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Citations by journals

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Frontiers in Endocrinology	Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2, 7.41% Frontiers in Endocrinology 2 publications, 7.41%
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eFood	eFood, 1, 3.7% eFood 1 publication, 3.7%
FASEB Journal	FASEB Journal, 1, 3.7% FASEB Journal 1 publication, 3.7%
AACE Clinical Case Reports	AACE Clinical Case Reports, 1, 3.7% AACE Clinical Case Reports 1 publication, 3.7%
Cells	Cells, 1, 3.7% Cells 1 publication, 3.7%
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Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences	Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1, 3.7% Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 1 publication, 3.7%
Thyroid Research	Thyroid Research, 1, 3.7% Thyroid Research 1 publication, 3.7%
Endocrine	Endocrine, 1, 3.7% Endocrine 1 publication, 3.7%
Russian Chemical Reviews	Russian Chemical Reviews, 1, 3.7% Russian Chemical Reviews 1 publication, 3.7%
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1, 3.7% Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1 publication, 3.7%
Cureus	Cureus, 1, 3.7% Cureus 1 publication, 3.7%
JCI insight	JCI insight, 1, 3.7% JCI insight 1 publication, 3.7%
Thyroid	Thyroid, 1, 3.7% Thyroid 1 publication, 3.7%
Neurologist	Neurologist, 1, 3.7% Neurologist 1 publication, 3.7%
BMC Endocrine Disorders	BMC Endocrine Disorders, 1, 3.7% BMC Endocrine Disorders 1 publication, 3.7%
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Cancer Cell	Cancer Cell, 1, 3.7% Cancer Cell 1 publication, 3.7%
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Scientific Reports	Scientific Reports, 1, 3.7% Scientific Reports 1 publication, 3.7%
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Citations by publishers

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Springer Nature	Springer Nature, 6, 22.22% Springer Nature 6 publications, 22.22%
Elsevier	Elsevier, 4, 14.81% Elsevier 4 publications, 14.81%
Frontiers Media S.A.	Frontiers Media S.A., 3, 11.11% Frontiers Media S.A. 3 publications, 11.11%
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2, 7.41% Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2 publications, 7.41%
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2, 7.41% Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2 publications, 7.41%
Wiley	Wiley, 1, 3.7% Wiley 1 publication, 3.7%
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)	Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), 1, 3.7% Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) 1 publication, 3.7%
SAGE	SAGE, 1, 3.7% SAGE 1 publication, 3.7%
The Endocrine Society	The Endocrine Society, 1, 3.7% The Endocrine Society 1 publication, 3.7%
eLife Sciences Publications	eLife Sciences Publications, 1, 3.7% eLife Sciences Publications 1 publication, 3.7%
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology	American Association of Clinical Endocrinology, 1, 3.7% American Association of Clinical Endocrinology 1 publication, 3.7%
Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii	Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii, 1, 3.7% Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii 1 publication, 3.7%
American Society for Clinical Investigation	American Society for Clinical Investigation, 1, 3.7% American Society for Clinical Investigation 1 publication, 3.7%
Mary Ann Liebert	Mary Ann Liebert, 1, 3.7% Mary Ann Liebert 1 publication, 3.7%
Wolters Kluwer Health	Wolters Kluwer Health, 1, 3.7% Wolters Kluwer Health 1 publication, 3.7%
	1 2 3 4 5 6

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Salas-Lucia F., Bianco A. C. T3 levels and thyroid hormone signaling // Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2022. Vol. 13.

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Salas-Lucia F., Bianco A. C. T3 levels and thyroid hormone signaling // Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2022. Vol. 13.

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TY - JOUR

DO - 10.3389/fendo.2022.1044691

UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1044691

TI - T3 levels and thyroid hormone signaling

T2 - Frontiers in Endocrinology

AU - Salas-Lucia, Federico

AU - Bianco, Antonio C.

PY - 2022

DA - 2022/10/27 00:00:00

PB - Frontiers Media S.A.

VL - 13

SN - 1664-2392

ER -

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@article{2022_Salas-Lucia,

author = {Federico Salas-Lucia and Antonio C. Bianco},

title = {T3 levels and thyroid hormone signaling},

journal = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},

year = {2022},

volume = {13},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

month = {oct},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1044691},

doi = {10.3389/fendo.2022.1044691}

}

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Publisher

Frontiers Media S.A.

Journal

Frontiers in Endocrinology

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor

5.2

ISSN

16642392 (Electronic)