Open Access
Open access
Applied Sciences (Switzerland), volume 12, issue 6, pages 3080

Modern and Dedicated Methods for Producing Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Layers in Sensing Applications

Ana Mihaela Gavrila 1
Elena Bianca Stoica 1
Tanta Verona Iordache 1
Andrei Sarbu 1
1
 
Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, The National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei no. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
Publication typeJournal Article
Publication date2022-03-17
scimago Q2
wos Q2
SJR0.508
CiteScore5.3
Impact factor2.5
ISSN20763417
Computer Science Applications
Process Chemistry and Technology
General Materials Science
Instrumentation
General Engineering
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Abstract

Molecular imprinting (MI) is the most available and known method to produce artificial recognition sites, similar to antibodies, inside or at the surface of a polymeric material. For this reason, scholars all over the world have found MI appealing, thus developing, in this past period, various types of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) that can be applied to a wide range of applications, including catalysis, separation sciences and monitoring/diagnostic devices for chemicals, biochemicals and pharmaceuticals. For instance, the advantages brought by the use of MIPs in the sensing and analytics field refer to higher selectivity, sensitivity and low detection limits, but also to higher chemical and thermal stability as well as reusability. In light of recent literature findings, this review presents both modern and dedicated methods applied to produce MIP layers that can be integrated with existent detection systems. In this respect, the following MI methods to produce sensing layers are presented and discussed: surface polymerization, electropolymerization, sol–gel derived techniques, phase inversionand deposition of electroactive pastes/inks that include MIP particles.

Kant T., Shrivas K., Dewangan K., Kumar A., Jaiswal N.K., Deb M.K., Pervez S.
Materials Today Chemistry scimago Q1 wos Q1
2022-06-01 citations by CoLab: 48 Abstract  
This review describes the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, nanocarbons, conducting polymers, and nanocomposites. The integration of these nanomaterials on the flexible matrix (e.g. paper, cloth and carbon paper, polyethylene terephthalate) and non-flexible substrate (glass and glassy carbon electrodes) using direct-writing, inkjet printing, screen-printing, and three-dimensional printing techniques are discussed. The fluidic properties of nano-ink printing on different substrates for efficient electrode preparation in electrochemical sensing applications are also discussed. Finally, the printed electrodes are summarized to analyze environmental, biological, food, and pharmaceutical contaminants such as drugs, toxicants, metal ions, pesticides, and biomolecules. The advancement of electrochemical devices is encompassed in developing electrochemical sensors that will continue to innovate user-friendly sensors for all purposes in the future. • This review describes the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, nanocarbons, conducting polymers, and nanocomposites. • The nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors are explored to analyze environmental, biological, and food contaminants. • These sensors are simple, less expensive, and efficiently competing with commercially available electrodes.
Zakaria N.A., Zaliman S.Q., Leo C.P., Ahmad A.L., Ooi B.S., Poh P.E.
2022-04-01 citations by CoLab: 17 Abstract  
Although membrane distillation (MD) operates efficiently with different types of feed, the membrane could be wetted by synthetic surfactants and natural amphiphiles. In this work, carbon black was used to improve the surface hydrophobicity of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane produced through 3D imprinting. PVDF membranes blended with 2–5 wt% of carbon black showed PVDF characteristic peaks and interactions with carbon black in Fourier transform infrared spectra. The presence of carbon black in the dope solution caused the length of finger-like voids to reduce but the membrane thickness to increase. The pore size increased by adding 2 or 3 wt% of carbon black. A higher amount of carbon black resulted in reduced pore size and porosity due to pore blockage by carbon black. Nevertheless, carbon black particles increased the surface roughness to form a superhydrophobic surface without using any hydrophobic agent. Although the superhydrophobic PVDF/carbon black membrane showed similar permeate flux to the neat PVDF membrane in MD, it could be electrochemically cleaned within 4 min to restore its permeate flux after wetting by the salt solution containing surfactant. The membrane could be cleaned by hypochlorite (OCl−) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or metal hydroxides produced in electrochemical cleaning. • Carbon black reduced the length of finger-like voids but increase the membrane thickness. • The pore size increased by adding 2 or 3 wt% of carbon black, but reduced at higher loading. • Superhydrophobic surface formed through templating and addition of carbon black without hydrophobic agent. • Membrane could be electrochemically cleaned within 4 min after wetting by the surfactant in salt solution. • The cleaned membrane showed a restored permeate flux in membrane distillation.
Salehi E., Khajavian M., Sahebjamee N., Mahmoudi M., Drioli E., Matsuura T.
Desalination scimago Q1 wos Q1
2022-04-01 citations by CoLab: 61 Abstract  
Chitosan (CS), as a biopolymer, presents unparalleled capabilities for chemical and mechanical modifications to create innovative features, functions, and applications, particularly in preparation of the state-of-the-art membrane adsorbents. CS-based membrane adsorbents have emerged as effective and promising engineering tools for the removal of different pollutants such as dyes and heavy metals from aqueous environments. To date, a great deal of research has been oriented to enhance the adsorptive properties, permeability, physicochemical stability, and sustainability of CS-based membranes by using different types of nanoparticles (NPs). Moreover, NPs can be utilized to tailor the structure and functionality of the nanostructured and nanofibrous CS-based membranes. The current review is focused on the application of different types of NPs, including four main classes of metal-based, carbonic (carbon-based), non-carbon mineral, and MOFs in CS-based membrane adsorbents, applied for liquid phase separations. Literature survey disclosed that researchers have shown an increased interest in non-carbon mineral NPs, while MOFs have emerged as a promising modifier in recent applications. Preparation techniques together with the effects of the NPs inclusion on the chemistry, morphology, adsorption kinetics, and removal capacity of CS-based membranes have also been reviewed and discussed. This review can be a guideline for the researchers to select suitable NP modifiers as well as preparation methods for synthesizing nanocomposite CS membrane adsorbents for various applications. Also, possible interactions of different NPs with the polymeric background have been spotlighted. Thus, this work can help better understanding of the adsorption mechanisms proposed by the CS-based membranes modified with NPs. Nanocomposite & nanostructured chitosan membrane adsorbents. • Modification of chitosan membrane adsorbents using nanoparticles was surveyed. • Metal-based, carbonic, noncarbon mineral, and MOF NPs have been explored. • Morpho-chemical properties of nanocomposite membrane adsorbents were compared. • Adsorptive properties of nanocomposite chitosan membranes were discussed. • Adsorption mechanisms by nanocomposite chitosan membranes were addressed.
Stefano J.S., Orzari L.O., Silva-Neto H.A., de Ataíde V.N., Mendes L.F., Coltro W.K., Longo Cesar Paixão T.R., Janegitz B.C.
2022-04-01 citations by CoLab: 72 Abstract  
Electrochemistry combined with economical and sustainable platforms (such as paper) provides portable, affordable, robust, and user-friendly devices. In general, techniques, such as photolithography and sputtering, are excellent alternatives for producing these platforms. However, owing to the requirement of expensive and sophisticated instrumentation, as well as cleanroom facilities, these techniques have limited access. Thus, the search for easy to use and produce approaches have been reported, using consumables, including adhesives, carbon ink, graphite, pencil, office paper, paperboard, among others. In this sense, in this mini-review, we discuss various strategies explored to fabricate low-cost electrochemical sensors, including its main applications. Different manufacturing methods, such as screen and stencil printing, laser-scribing, and pencil drawing, will be discussed here, emphasizing the performance of the obtained devices, in addition to their advantages and disadvantages.
Camargo J.R., Silva T.A., Rivas G.A., Janegitz B.C.
Electrochimica Acta scimago Q1 wos Q1
2022-03-01 citations by CoLab: 41 Abstract  
• Water-based conductive ink based on chitosan, graphite powder, and glycerol. • Low-cost and easy construction of a biosensor of Tyrosinase. • Reliable quantification of uric acid and catechol using only 70 µL of solution. • Environmentally friendly platform for electrochemical sensing and biosensing purposes. This paper presents a novel water-based conductive ink obtained by proper combination of chitosan (C) biopolymer, graphite (G) powder, and glycerol (G), and its subsequent use in the screen-printing of disposable electrodes on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic obtained from recyclable soda bottles (CGG/PET electrodes). The electrode was used in two directions, as a sensor for the quantification of uric acid and as a biosensor for the enzymatic quantification of catechol. The linear sweep voltammetry-detection of uric acid (UA), showed a linear range between 8.0 and 500 μmol L −1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.36 μmol L −1 . Additionally, the performance of the resulting electrodes for biosensing purposes was evaluated through the development of a catechol biosensor by the modification of the GCG/PET surface with the tyrosinase (Tyr) enzyme, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and dyhexadecyl phosphate (DHP) (Tyr-MWCNT-CGG/PET). Using the chronoamperometry technique a linear relationship from 0.5 to 50 μmol L −1 and LOD of 0.3 μmol L −1 were achivied for catechol. The proposed electrode has demonstrated outstanding analytical characteristics, proving its potential as a disposable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly platform for electrochemical sensing and biosensing purposes.
Ayankojo A.G., Boroznjak R., Reut J., Öpik A., Syritski V.
2022-02-01 citations by CoLab: 127 Abstract  
The continued spread of the coronavirus disease and prevalence of the global pandemic is exacerbated by the increase in the number of asymptomatic individuals who unknowingly spread the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although remarkable progress is being achieved at curtailing further rampage of the disease, there is still the demand for simple and rapid diagnostic tools for early detection of the COVID-19 infection and the following isolation. We report the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer synthetic receptor for the quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit S1 (ncovS1), by harnessing the covalent interaction between 1,2-diols of the highly glycosylated protein and the boronic acid group of 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA). The sensor displays a satisfactory performance with a reaction time of 15 min and is capable of detecting ncovS1 both in phosphate buffered saline and patient’s nasopharyngeal samples with LOD values of 15 fM and 64 fM, respectively. Moreover, the sensor is compatible with portable potentiostats thus allowing on-site measurements thereby holding a great potential as a point-of-care testing platform for rapid and early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.
Zhang J., Ahmadi M., Fargas G., Perinka N., Reguera J., Lanceros-Méndez S., Llanes L., Jiménez-Piqué E.
Metals scimago Q1 wos Q2 Open Access
2022-01-26 citations by CoLab: 46 PDF Abstract  
Currently, silver nanoparticles have attracted large interest in the photonics, electrics, analytical, and antimicrobial/biocidal fields due to their excellent optical, electrical, biological, and antibacterial properties. The versatility in generating different sizes, shapes, and surface morphologies results in a wide range of applications of silver nanoparticles in various industrial and health-related areas. In industrial applications, silver nanoparticles are used to produce conductive inks, which allows the construction of electronic devices on low-cost and flexible substrates by using various printing techniques. In order to achieve successful printed patterns, the necessary formulation and synthesis need to be engineered to fulfil the printing technique requirements. Additional sintering processes are typically further required to remove the added polymers, which are used to produce the desired adherence, viscosity, and reliable performance. This contribution presents a review of the synthesis of silver nanoparticles via different methods (chemical, physical and biological methods) and the application of silver nanoparticles under the electrical field. Formulation of silver inks and formation of conductive patterns by using different printing techniques (inkjet printing, screen printing and aerosol jet printing) are presented. Post-printing treatments are also discussed. A summary concerning outlooks and perspectives is presented at the end of this review.
Angelis P.N., Casarin J., Gonçalves Júnior A.C., Rocha L.R., Prete M.C., Tarley C.R.
Electroanalysis scimago Q2 wos Q3
2022-01-07 citations by CoLab: 5 Abstract  
This paper reports the development of a simple electroanalytical method for imazethapyr (IMT) determination in rice samples based on molecularly imprinted polymer and functionalized carbon black paste electrode (MIP-fCBPE). Carbon black (CB) was functionalized by the insertion of oxygenated functional groups upon acid treatment with HNO3 and H2SO4. The functionalized carbon black (fCB) presented higher performance for IMT determination than the CB without functionalization. The insertion of molecularly imprinted polyvinylimidazole (MIP-VN) in the fCBPE promoted a significant increase in the cathodic peak current even at low proportions (7.5 % w/w) due to the specific binding sites for IMT recognition. For IMT determination, DPV parameters were optimized by the Doehlert matrix applying 0.1 V for 60 s as pre-treatment in acetate buffer solution (pH 3.0) as supporting electrolyte. The proposed method showed low limit of detection (0.03 μmol L−1), a wide linear range (0.10–70.00 μmol L−1), and good precision in terms of repeatability of intraday measures (RSD%=3.6). The method was applied in rice samples after microwave-assisted extraction of IMT and the accuracy of the method was evaluated by addition/recovery assays (96.3–105.7 %), being statistically attested using HPLC-DAD as reference technique.
Nontawong N., Ngaosri P., Chunta S., Jarujamrus P., Nacapricha D., Lieberzeit P.A., Amatatongchai M.
Analytica Chimica Acta scimago Q1 wos Q1
2022-01-01 citations by CoLab: 28 Abstract  
We present a novel dual-imprinted electrochemical paper-based analytical device (Di-ePAD) to simultaneously determine 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and assess oxidative and nitrative biomarkers in urine and plasma samples. The Di-ePAD was designed with hydrophobic barrier layers formed on filter paper to provide three-dimensional circular reservoirs and assembled electrodes. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized using a silica nanosphere decorated with silver nanoparticles (SiO2@AgNPs) as a core covered with dual-analyte imprinted sites on the polymer to recognize selectively and bind the target biomarkers. This strategy drives monodispersity and enhances the conductivity of the resulting MIP core-shell products. 3-NT-MIP and 8-OHdG-MIP were synthesized by successively coating the surface of SiO2@AgNPs with l-Cysteine via the thiol group, then terminating with MIP shells. The dual imprinted core-shell composites possess attractive properties for the target biomarkers' sensing, including catalytic activity, selectivity, and good conductivity. The Di-ePAD revealed excellent linear dynamic ranges of 0.01-500 μM for 3-NT and 0.05-500 μM for 8-OHdG, with detection limits of 0.0027 μM for 3-NT and 0.0138 μM for 8-OHdG. This newly developed method based on the synergistic effects of SiO2@AgNPs combined with promising properties of MIP offers outstanding selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, simplicity, and low cost for quantitative analysis of 3-NT and 8-OHdG. The proposed Di-ePAD showed good accuracy and precision when applied to actual samples, including urine and serum samples validated by a conventional HPLC method.
Roushani M., Zalpour N.
2021-12-01 citations by CoLab: 32 Abstract  
In this work, a new method is presented based on in-situ electropolymerization of dopamine (DA) monomer and asulam (ASL) as a target molecule to fabricate a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). In this regard, the most basic feature of the prepared sensor is that after template extraction the target molecule, cavities with the same size and stereochemical properties of it, remain on the imprinted polymer matrix. Accordingly, the developed sensing platform showed high selectivity and great sensitivity in ASL detection. The proposed method showed good linear range area from 0.5 to 20 pM with limit of detection of 0.17 pM. The influences of electropolymerization conditions e.g. incubation time, monomer to template concentration, cycle numbers and template extraction time were studied. Finally, it was applied for ASL detection in real samples, and the results were consistent with high-performance liquid chromatography obtained results. • In this work a new sensor reported for ultratrace detection of Asulam based on a MIP. • GCE was modified with g-C 3 N 4 to enhance sensor performance. • DPV, CV and EIS techniques was used to record electrochemical response of sensor. • This sensor is made easy with high selectivity and good sensitivity.
Meng Y., Chen Y., Lu L., Ding Y., Cusano A., Fan J.A., Hu Q., Wang K., Xie Z., Liu Z., Yang Y., Liu Q., Gong M., Xiao Q., Sun S., et. al.
Light: Science and Applications scimago Q1 wos Q1 Open Access
2021-11-22 citations by CoLab: 258 PDF Abstract  
The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical structures available on a photonic chip. The integration of subwavelength-structured metasurfaces and metamaterials on the canonical building block of optical waveguides is gradually reshaping the landscape of photonic integrated circuits, giving rise to numerous meta-waveguides with unprecedented strength in controlling guided electromagnetic waves. Here, we review recent advances in meta-structured waveguides that synergize various functional subwavelength photonic architectures with diverse waveguide platforms, such as dielectric or plasmonic waveguides and optical fibers. Foundational results and representative applications are comprehensively summarized. Brief physical models with explicit design tutorials, either physical intuition-based design methods or computer algorithms-based inverse designs, are cataloged as well. We highlight how meta-optics can infuse new degrees of freedom to waveguide-based devices and systems, by enhancing light-matter interaction strength to drastically boost device performance, or offering a versatile designer media for manipulating light in nanoscale to enable novel functionalities. We further discuss current challenges and outline emerging opportunities of this vibrant field for various applications in photonic integrated circuits, biomedical sensing, artificial intelligence and beyond. Recent years have witnessed substantial potential in allying meta-optics with diverse waveguide platforms to enable exotic manipulation of guided light signals. This review cataloged recent advances on meta-waveguides for photonic integration.
Dimitriou E., Michailidis N.
Nanotechnology scimago Q2 wos Q2
2021-10-13 citations by CoLab: 69 Abstract  
In recent years, a wide range of electronic materials with a great diversity in their chemical and physical properties has been patterned by printing techniques on a variety of substrates. Nanotechnology-based materials appear to be the most promising thereof, increasing the resolution of the printed raster and enhancing the electrical properties of the final patterns. Conductive nanoparticle inks are the main building block of all printed electronic devices and circuit boards, forming their fundamental structure and integrated low-resistance circuit interconnects, antennae, contact electrodes within transistors etc. A plethora of both conventional and novel printing techniques have been employed with nanoparticle-based inks for the fabrication of conductive patterns, dictating different limitations for the properties of the printed inks. Although several articles have reviewed printing techniques of nanomaterials, a comprehensive review on physicochemical properties that need to be considered in order to develop nanoparticle-based conductive inks, sufficiently compatible with each printing technique, is missing. This review firstly summarizes a wide range of printing techniques that are of high potential for printing electronics and then narrows them down to those applied with conductive nanoparticle inks. Next, it focuses on the typical properties of nanoparticle-based conductive inks (chemical composition, particle size and shape, solids loading, ink viscosity and surface tension) and suggests parameters that need to be taken into account when preparing conductive nanotechnology-based inks, corresponding the requirements of each printing technique. General principles that determine the electrical conductivity of the printed patterns are outlined. Lastly, future prospects on the development of novel printable materials are laid out.
Hudson A.D., Jamieson O., Crapnell R.D., Rurack K., Soares T.C., Mecozzi F., Laude A., Gruber J., Novakovic K., Peeters M.
Materials Advances scimago Q1 wos Q2 Open Access
2021-06-23 citations by CoLab: 16 PDF Abstract  
Reported here is the production of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) films, integrating a fluorescent moiety that serves as both an element for template interaction and signalling, for the thermal and optical detection of the antibiotic nafcillin.
Leibl N., Haupt K., Gonzato C., Duma L.
Chemosensors scimago Q2 wos Q1 Open Access
2021-05-26 citations by CoLab: 127 PDF Abstract  
The field of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based chemosensors has been experiencing constant growth for several decades. Since the beginning, their continuous development has been driven by the need for simple devices with optimum selectivity for the detection of various compounds in fields such as medical diagnosis, environmental and industrial monitoring, food and toxicological analysis, and, more recently, the detection of traces of explosives or their precursors. This review presents an overview of the main research efforts made so far for the development of MIP-based chemosensors, critically discusses the pros and cons, and gives perspectives for further developments in this field.
Ghorbani A., Ojani R., Ganjali M.R., Raoof J.
2021-05-10 citations by CoLab: 4 Abstract  
Recently, cost-effective and rapid analysis of carbendazim, in surface, drinking and ground water has attracted a huge deal of interest. Nevertheless, for given applications, the use of present biological receptor-based sensing approaches is limited based on the costs and stability. Hence, the best alternatives are the cost-effective and robust imprinted polymeric receptors. The current study deals with synthesizing MIPs (molecularly imprinted polymers) for carbendazim utilizing methacrylic acid in chloroform as a porogen. The MIP’s binding affinity with carbendazim was assessed in aqueous media. Superior imprinting features for carbendazim were found by MIPs synthesized in chloroform. Imprinted polymers were prepared using bulk polymerization, by mixing MAA as a functional monomer, carbendazim as a template, EGDMA as a cross-linker and AIBN as a initiator were dissolved in chloroform. Here, it was demonstrated carbendazim MIPs merged into a CP (carbon paste) electrode as a MIP-CP sensor platforms to detect the carbendazim. By this simple sensor format, precise determining of carbendazim is allowed utilizing an electrochemical method. We have achieved a detection limit of 3.1 × 10−8 mol L−1 for this compound in linear range of 0.1–100 μM. By the simple procedure, low production cost, and easy preparation, the MIP sensor becomes attractive for sensitive and selective detection of analytes, even in less-armed laboratories with nominal training.
Mwanza C., Zhang W., Mulenga K., Ding S.
Green Chemistry scimago Q1 wos Q1
2024-10-24 citations by CoLab: 2 Abstract  
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic materials designed to mimic the natural “lock and key” mechanism observed in biomolecular systems, such as the interactions between antibodies and antigens.
Gavrila A., Diacon A., Iordache T., Rotariu T., Ionita M., Toader G.
Polymers scimago Q1 wos Q1 Open Access
2024-09-24 citations by CoLab: 1 PDF Abstract  
Hazards associated with highly dangerous pollutants/contaminants in water, air, and land resources, as well as food, are serious threats to public health and the environment. Thus, it is imperative to detect or decontaminate, as risk-control strategies, the possible harmful substances sensitively and efficiently. In this context, due to their capacity to be specifically designed for various types of hazardous compounds, the synthesis and use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have become widespread. By molecular imprinting, affinity sites with complementary shape, size, and functionality can be created for any template molecule. MIPs' unique functions in response to external factors have attracted researchers to develop a broad range of MIP-based sensors with increased sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity of the recognition element toward target hazardous compounds. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the very recent progress of MIPs and smart polymer applications for sensing or decontamination of hazardous compounds (e.g., drugs, explosives, and biological or chemical agents) in various fields from 2020 to 2024, providing researchers with a rapid tool for investigating the latest research status.
Ahadi H.M., Fardhan F.M., Rahayu D., Pratiwi R., Hasanah A.N.
Molecules scimago Q1 wos Q2 Open Access
2024-08-26 citations by CoLab: 0 PDF Abstract  
Molecularly Imprinted Microspheres (MIMs) or Microsphere Molecularly Imprinted Polymers represent an innovative design for the selective extraction of active compounds from natural products, showcasing effectiveness and cost-efficiency. MIMs, crosslinked polymers with specific binding sites for template molecules, overcome irregularities observed in traditional Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs). Their adaptability to the shape and size of target molecules allows for the capture of compounds from complex mixtures. This review article delves into exploring the potential practical applications of MIMs, particularly in the extraction of active compounds from natural products. Additionally, it provides insights into the broader development of MIM technology for the purification of active compounds. The synthesis of MIMs encompasses various methods, including precipitation polymerization, suspension polymerization, Pickering emulsion polymerization, and Controlled/Living Radical Precipitation Polymerization. These methods enable the formation of MIPs with controlled particle sizes suitable for diverse analytical applications. Control over the template-to-monomer ratio, solvent type, reaction temperature, and polymerization time is crucial to ensure the successful synthesis of MIPs effective in isolating active compounds from natural products. MIMs have been utilized to isolate various active compounds from natural products, such as aristolochic acids from Aristolochia manshuriensis and flavonoids from Rhododendron species, among others. Based on the review, suspension polymerization deposition, which is one of the techniques used in creating MIPs, can be classified under the MIM method. This is due to its ability to produce polymers that are more homogeneous and exhibit better selectivity compared to traditional MIP techniques. Additionally, this method can achieve recovery rates ranging from 94.91% to 113.53% and purities between 86.3% and 122%. The suspension polymerization process is relatively straightforward, allowing for the effective control of viscosity and temperature. Moreover, it is cost-effective as it utilizes water as the solvent.
Shah N., Shah M., Rehan T., Khan A., Majeed N., Hameed A., Bououdina M., Abumousa R.A., Humayun M.
Heliyon scimago Q1 wos Q1 Open Access
2024-08-14 citations by CoLab: 1 Abstract  
This review underscores the fundamentals of MIP-CMs and systematically summarizes their synthetic strategies and applications, and potential developments. MIP-CMs are widely acclaimed for their versatility, finding applications in separation, filtration, detection, and trace analysis, as well as serving as scaffolds in a range of analytical, biomedical and industrial contexts. Also characterized by extraordinary selectivity, remarkable sensitivity, and outstanding capability to bind molecules, those membranes are also cost-effective, highly stable, and configurable in terms of recognition and, therefore, inalienable in various application fields. Issues relating to the potential future for the paper are discussed in the last section with the focus on the improvement of resource practical application across different areas. Hence, this review can be seen as a kind of cookbook for the design and fabrication of MIP-CMs with an intention to expand the scope of their application.
Ünal B.K., Karasu T., Özgür E., Uzun L.
2024-03-29 citations by CoLab: 1 Abstract  
Sustainable development comes along with green chemistry since it integrates renewable sources as well as processes in harmony, yielding biodegradable, nontoxic, and cost-efficient products. Thanks to the advancement of the molecular imprinting approach, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) become attractive technology, and now, they are commonly applied in various fields including the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. However, the future projection of MIPs depends on to what extent they meet sustainability. Considering the adverse effects of the ingredients of MIPs on the ecosystem, it seems inevitable for those ingredients replaced by their green counterparts. This chapter aims to provide strategies for enhancing the green aspect of MIPs by focusing on alternative green ingredients and highlighting a brief presentation of MIPs. Through the chapter, potential chemicals and production methods are addressed according to their relevance for green chemistry principles while shortening its scope to environmental and food safety applications.
Xu W., Ou X., Sun Y., Sun Y., Chen Z., Yu X.
2023-12-13 citations by CoLab: 3 Abstract  
AbstractIn the process of preparation of imprinted polymers, the introduction of external fields, such as magnetic field, microwave field, ultrasonic field, electric field and high‐energy radiation field, to improve the structure and performance of imprinted polymers has become a novel direction of the development of imprinted polymers, and relevant reports have been increasing in recent years. However, the progress of research on field‐induced imprinted polymers has not been summarized and noticed, resulting in few perspective on the shortcomings and future development of the field‐induced effect which in turn has hindered its further study. Considering this, we firstly introduced the development history and mechanism of imprinted polymers. Then, the field‐induced effects on the mechanism of polymerization and the structure and performances of imprinted polymers were summarized in the order of magnetic field‐induced imprinted polymers, microwave field‐induced imprinted polymers, ultrasonic field‐induced imprinted polymers, electric field‐induced imprinted polymers and high‐energy radiation field‐induced polymers. Significantly, the challenges to the development of field‐induced imprinted polymers were presented, and the development trends of field‐induced imprinted polymers were proposed with the aim to build the bridge for future FI‐IPs research and shed the light on the application research of the field‐induced imprinted polymers.
Hayat H., Awan F.R., Aziz A., Schirhagl R., Afzal A., Mujahid A., Jamil A., Asim T., Khan W.S., Bajwa S.Z.
Journal of Materials Research scimago Q2 wos Q3
2023-12-05 citations by CoLab: 0 Abstract  
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) based on biomimetic approaches have proven their capabilities for creating highly specific receptor materials. We developed and investigated a biosensor based on MIP for the selective detection of cholesterol in synthetic media as well as in human blood sera. The surface roughness of imprinted interface increased to 4 nm as compared to non-imprinted indicating the presence of cholesterol-specific cavities. The concentration of cholesterol was related to the flow of charge across the interface of microchip. The biosensor showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of cholesterol ranging from 0.01 to 1 mM with a low limit of detection as 0.31 mM. The interface specifically recognized cholesterol three times as compared to cholecalciferol. The average clinical recovery rate of 98.81% indicates promising potential for an alternate to enzymatic biosensors for the determination of cholesterol.
Boonpangraka S.
Microchemical Journal scimago Q1 wos Q1
2023-12-01 citations by CoLab: 5 Abstract  
Materials that provides specificity to a molecule of interest are relevant and needed in analytical chemistry. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is a material that is highly specific to a template (molecule of interest). Incorporating MIP into the appropriate detection system results in good specificity and sensitivity for template determination. MIPs are suitable for various applications ranging from small to large molecules due to their chemical and physical resistance, inexpensive synthesis, and ease of preparation. Lipid-soluble vitamins (LSVs) participate in metabolic processes to support the normal functions of the human body. Inappropriate levels of vitamins lead to malfunctions, resulting in diseases. This mini-review summarizes the progression of each lipid-soluble vitamin-imprinted polymer from 2003 to 2022. Moreover, the challenges and future perspectives of LSV-MIP are discussed.
Ayivi R.D., Obare S.O., Wei J.
2023-10-01 citations by CoLab: 35 Abstract  
Synthetic chemicals including phosphate-based pesticides and fertilizers have led to the increased transport of chemical toxicants in the environment and caused organophosphate pollution, thus posing a human health threat and an environmental risk. Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) and other environmental pollutants have largely compromised the integrity of environmental matrices. Consequently, there is a critical need to develop novel technologies that are robust, versatile, cost-effective, highly sensitive, and reliable for their detection. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) offer an attractive sensing approach due to their enhanced affinity and selectivity in detection applications. Hence, MIPs-based sensors have been extensively reported in the literature as suitable analytical tools for environmental monitoring. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review regarding the OPPs’ development, their toxicity, and their impact to human health and the environment, followed with detailed discussion on MIP preparation and associated signal transduction methods as chemosensors for OPPs detection and environmental applications.
Riaz A., Zareef I., Munawar A., Rakha A., Shad N.A.
2023-06-30 citations by CoLab: 0 Abstract  
Nano forensics utilizes nano-based sensors in matters of crime or where the legality of the process is challenged. There exist many conventional techniques, but considering the approach of criminals and the modern-day standard of investigation, there is a need for nanotechnology-based sensors for their sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of illicit drugs. Illicit drugs are psychoactive in nature. They act upon the CNS that results in different perceptions and long-lasting responses. This chapter covers the drugs that can be the potential source of causing abuse and those commonly detected in forensic lab testing. The conventional techniques have a few drawbacks. They are time-consuming, highly expensive, and some of these techniques are also destructive. Nanosensors are nanoparticle-based probing techniques that constitute a sensing platform for the detection of the biological substance present in the evidence sample collected from the crime scene. These nanosensors can work with limited quantities, and the quality of the sample yields valuable information for preparing the scientific report.
Ostrovidov S., Ramalingam M., Bae H., Orive G., Fujie T., Hori T., Nashimoto Y., Shi X., Kaji H.
Sensors scimago Q1 wos Q2 Open Access
2023-06-15 citations by CoLab: 7 PDF Abstract  
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymers with specific binding sites that present high affinity and spatial and chemical complementarities to a targeted analyte. They mimic the molecular recognition seen naturally in the antibody/antigen complementarity. Because of their specificity, MIPs can be included in sensors as a recognition element coupled to a transducer part that converts the interaction of MIP/analyte into a quantifiable signal. Such sensors have important applications in the biomedical field in diagnosis and drug discovery, and are a necessary complement of tissue engineering for analyzing the functionalities of the engineered tissues. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview of MIP sensors that have been used for the detection of skeletal- and cardiac-muscle-related analytes. We organized this review by targeted analytes in alphabetical order. Thus, after an introduction to the fabrication of MIPs, we highlight different types of MIP sensors with an emphasis on recent works and show their great diversity, their fabrication, their linear range for a given analyte, their limit of detection (LOD), specificity, and reproducibility. We conclude the review with future developments and perspectives.

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