Open Access
Open access
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, volume 25, issue 23, pages 13201

Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Insights into the Potential of Mitragyna speciosa for Alzheimer’s Disease

Rahni Hossain 1, 2, 3
Kunwadee Noonong 2, 3
Manit Nuinoon 2, 3, 4
Hideyuki J Majima 2, 3
Komgrit Eawsakul 3, 5
Pradoldej Sompol 6
Atiar M. Rahman 7
Jitbanjong Tangpong 2, 3
Publication typeJournal Article
Publication date2024-12-08
scimago Q1
wos Q2
SJR1.179
CiteScore8.1
Impact factor4.9
ISSN16616596, 14220067
Abstract

Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Havil (MS) has a traditional use in relieving pain, managing hypertension, treating cough, and diarrhea, and as a morphine substitute in addiction recovery. Its potential in addressing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition with no effective treatments, is under investigation. This study aims to explore MS mechanisms in treating AD through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro studies. Using network pharmacology, we identified 19 MS components that may affect 60 AD-related targets. The compound–target network highlighted significant interactions among 60 nodes and 470 edges, with an average node degree of 15.7. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed Alzheimer’s disease (hsa05010) as a relevant pathway. We connected 20 targets to tau and β-amyloid proteins through gene expression data from the AlzData database. Docking studies demonstrated high binding affinities of MS compounds like acetylursolic acid, beta-sitosterol, isomitraphylline, and speciophylline to AD-related proteins, such as AKT1, GSK3B, NFκB1, and BACE1. In vitro studies showed that ethanolic (EE), distilled water (DWE), and pressurized hot water (PHWE) extracts of MS-treated 100 μM H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells significantly reduced oxidative damage. This research underscores the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway effects of MS on AD, providing insights for future research and potential clinical applications.

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