The Traits of the Regenerative Potential of Platelet-Rich Plasma from Donors with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The low predictability of the effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in regenerative therapy for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) underscores the need for further research assessing the reparative effects of PRP based on the type of DM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regenerative potential of PRP from young donors (30–40 years old) with DM1 and DM2 in vitro, specifically its effects on human dermal fibroblast cell culture. The in vitro effects of PRP from patients with type 1 and type 2 DM were investigated using a culture of human dermal fibroblasts (hTERT-HDFa) to evaluate metabolic activity, migration, proliferation of the cells, and their ability to release growth factors and exosomes. The study of the biological effects of PRP from donors with DM on hTERT-HDFa revealed a decrease in proliferative effects, an increase in prooxidant action, and toxic influences of PRP from patients, characterized by reduced metabolic activity and cell viability in culture, along with an increase in the percentage of necrosis. These effects were most pronounced in type 1 DM. The secretory response of hTERT-HDFa upon stimulation with PRP varied depending on the type of DM. Correlations indicated the differing significance of PAI-1, TGFB-1, PDGF, VEGF, and IL-6 in assessing the reparative potential across different types of DM.