Generative Adversarial Network for Synthesizing Multivariate Time-Series Data in Electric Vehicle Driving Scenarios

This paper presents a time-series point-to-point generative adversarial network (TS-p2pGAN) for synthesizing realistic electric vehicle (EV) driving data. The model accurately generates four critical operational parameters—battery state of charge (SOC), battery voltage, mechanical acceleration, and vehicle torque—as multivariate time-series data. Evaluation on 70 real-world driving trips from an open battery dataset reveals the model’s exceptional accuracy in estimating SOC values, particularly under complex stop-and-restart scenarios and across diverse initial SOC levels. The model delivers high accuracy, with root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and dynamic time warping (DTW) consistently below 3%, 1.5%, and 2.0%, respectively. Qualitative analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) demonstrates the model’s ability to preserve both feature distributions and temporal dynamics of the original data. This data augmentation framework offers significant potential for advancing EV technology, digital energy management of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and autonomous vehicle comfort system development.