Bioalcohol Reforming: An Overview of the Recent Advances for the Enhancement of Catalyst Stability

The growing demand for energy production highlights the shortage of traditional resources and the related environmental issues. The adoption of bioalcohols (i.e., alcohols produced from biomass or biological routes) is progressively becoming an interesting approach that is used to restrict the consumption of fossil fuels. Bioethanol, biomethanol, bioglycerol, and other bioalcohols (propanol and butanol) represent attractive feedstocks for catalytic reforming and production of hydrogen, which is considered the fuel of the future. Different processes are already available, including steam reforming, oxidative reforming, dry reforming, and aqueous-phase reforming. Achieving the desired hydrogen selectivity is one of the main challenges, due to the occurrence of side reactions that cause coke formation and catalyst deactivation. The aims of this review are related to the critical identification of the formation of carbon roots and the deactivation of catalysts in bioalcohol reforming reactions. Furthermore, attention is focused on the strategies used to improve the durability and stability of the catalysts, with particular attention paid to the innovative formulations developed over the last 5 years.