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Materials, volume 15, issue 2, pages 433

Selective Scandium (Sc) Extraction from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Alkali Fusion-Leaching Method

Publication typeJournal Article
Publication date2022-01-07
Journal: Materials
Quartile SCImago
Q2
Quartile WOS
Q2
Impact factor3.4
ISSN19961944
PubMed ID:  35057151
General Materials Science
Abstract

Bauxite residue, known as “red mud,” is a potential raw material for extracting rare-earth elements (REEs). The main REEs (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Nb, and Sm) from the raw bauxite are concentrated in RM after the Bayer leaching process. The earlier worldwide studies were focused on the scandium (Sc) extraction from RM by concentrated acids to enhance the extraction degree. This leads to the dissolution of major oxides (Fe2O3 and Al2O3) from RM. This article studies the possibility of selective Sc extraction from alkali fusion red mud (RMF) by diluted nitric acid (HNO3) leaching at pH ≥ 2 to prevent co-dissolution of Fe2O3. RMF samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was revealed that Sc concentration in RMF can reach up to 140–150 mg kg−1. Sc extraction was 71.2% at RMF leaching by HNO3 at pH 2 and 80 °C during 90 min. The leaching solution contained 8 mg L−1 Sc and a high amount of other REEs in the presence of relatively low concentrations of impurity elements such as Fe, Al, Ti, Ca, etc. The kinetic analysis of experimental data by the shrinking core model showed that Sc leaching process is limited by the interfacial diffusion and the diffusion through the product layer. The apparent activation energy (Ea) was 19.5 kJ/mol. The linear dependence of Sc extraction on magnesium (Mg) extraction was revealed. According to EPMA of RMF, Sc is associated with iron minerals rather than Mg. This allows us to conclude that Mg acts as a leaching agent for the extraction of Sc presented in the RMF in an ion-exchangeable phase.

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Shoppert A. et al. Selective Scandium (Sc) Extraction from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Alkali Fusion-Leaching Method // Materials. 2022. Vol. 15. No. 2. p. 433.
GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy
Shoppert A., Loginova I., Napolskikh J., Kyrchikov A., Chaikin L., Rogozhnikov D., Valeev D. Selective Scandium (Sc) Extraction from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Alkali Fusion-Leaching Method // Materials. 2022. Vol. 15. No. 2. p. 433.
RIS |
Cite this
RIS Copy
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.3390/ma15020433
UR - https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fma15020433
TI - Selective Scandium (Sc) Extraction from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Alkali Fusion-Leaching Method
T2 - Materials
AU - Napolskikh, Julia
AU - Kyrchikov, Aleksey
AU - Chaikin, Leonid
AU - Loginova, Irina
AU - Shoppert, Andrei
AU - Rogozhnikov, Denis
AU - Valeev, Dmitry
PY - 2022
DA - 2022/01/07 00:00:00
PB - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
SP - 433
IS - 2
VL - 15
PMID - 35057151
SN - 1996-1944
ER -
BibTex |
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BibTex Copy
@article{2022_Shoppert
author = {Julia Napolskikh and Aleksey Kyrchikov and Leonid Chaikin and Irina Loginova and Andrei Shoppert and Denis Rogozhnikov and Dmitry Valeev},
title = {Selective Scandium (Sc) Extraction from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Alkali Fusion-Leaching Method},
journal = {Materials},
year = {2022},
volume = {15},
publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
month = {jan},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fma15020433},
number = {2},
pages = {433},
doi = {10.3390/ma15020433}
}
MLA
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MLA Copy
Shoppert, Andrei, et al. “Selective Scandium (Sc) Extraction from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Alkali Fusion-Leaching Method.” Materials, vol. 15, no. 2, Jan. 2022, p. 433. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fma15020433.
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