Cytological examination of the nasal mucosa in rhinological patients in the postoperative period

Introduction. Cytological examination of the nasal mucosa allows one to assess the activity of inflammation and the quality of the reparative regeneration process in the postoperative period in rhinological patients. The aim of the study is to diagnose the state of regeneration of the nasal mucosa in rhinological patients in the postoperative period. Material and methods. The study examined 206 patients after septoplasty with vasotomy of the inferior turbinates for a deviated nasal septum and vasomotor rhinitis. The patients were divided into 5 groups depending on the prescribed local regeneration-correcting treatment. All patients underwent cytological examination to assess destructive changes in the epithelium according to the method of L.A. Matveeva. Patients were monitored before surgery, on the 5th, 10th, 21st, 30th, 42nd and 60th days of the postoperative period. Results. On the 5-10th day of the postoperative period, destructive processes predominated in rhinocytograms, and cell destruction indices were increased. From the 21st day, signs of proliferation were recorded, and the inflammatory reaction decreased. In the groups whose treatment regimens included reparants, rhinocytograms showed a more rapid decrease in cell destruction indices and a full restoration of cellular representation. A more pronounced reparative effect was detected in a solution of sodium deoxyribonuclease and dexpanthenol. Conclusion. In the postoperative period, rhinological patients after 2 months showed signs of impaired reparative regeneration. Local application of therapy restoring the nasal mucosa in the postoperative period led to cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, earlier and more complete regenerative effects.