Glaucoma Detection in Mobile Phone Retinal Images Based on ADI-GVF Segmentation with EM initialization

The advanced development of mobile phone and lens technology has made retinal imaging more convenient than ever before. In the digital health era, mobile phone fundus photography has evolved into a low-cost alternative to the standard ophthalmoscope. Existing image processing algorithms have a problem with handling the narrow field of view and poor quality of retinal images from a mobile phone. This paper enhances the accuracy of our previously proposed scheme, ADI-GVF snakes, to improve the segmentation of the optic disk (OD) and the optic cup (OC) for glaucoma pre-screening [1] from retinal images obtained from a mobile phone. This work integrated a better OD localization method, namely, the exclusion method (EM) with ADI-GVF segmentation for the OD and the OC. The improved algorithm can segment the regions of the OD and OC more accurately, resulting in a more precise value of the cup-to-disk area ratio (CDAR). The proposed method yields as high as 93.33% for true positive rate (TPR) and 93.87% for true negative rate (TNR) and as low as 6.12% and 6.66% for false omission rate (FOR), and false discovery rate (FDR). It also improves TPR, TNR, FOR, and FDR of the previous scheme [1] by 4.45%, 4.08%, 4.08%, and 4.44% respectively.