A narrative review on applications of nanotechnology in modern endodontics

Nanotechnology in modern endodontics involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale to improve dental treatments, disinfection, imaging, and tissue engineering. This narrative review aims to evaluate the impact and applications of nanotechnology in modern endodontics, focusing on advancements in materials, disinfection processes, imaging techniques, and tissue engineering while addressing associated challenges and safety concerns. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in March 2024 across PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, COCHRANE Library, and Science Direct databases using MeSH terms/keywords such as “Nanotechnology,” “Endodontics,” “Disinfection,” and “Dental Tissue Engineering.” Articles published from March 2010 to March 2024 were considered, with inclusion criteria focusing on studies relevant to the objectives. From an initial pool of 774 articles, 86 were selected based on titles and abstracts, and 45 were shortlisted after full-text evaluation. The review highlights significant advancements in nanotechnology in endodontic materials, disinfection methods, imaging techniques, and tissue engineering. Nanomaterials have improved the efficiency, precision, and biocompatibility of dental treatments. However, challenges such as long-term biocompatibility, standardization of applications, and patient safety remain to be addressed. Continuous research, ethical practices, and regulatory oversight are crucial for integrating nanotechnology into endodontics. While nanotechnology offers promising advancements in endodontics, ongoing research and collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and regulatory bodies are essential to harness its full potential and ensure patient safety. Limitations of this review include potential biases in article selection and the evolving nature of nanotechnology research.