Long-term durability of membrane electrode assemblies of proton exchange fuel cells: challenges and solutions

The review addresses the problem of durability of operation of low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Fuel cells are of considerable interest for the transition to renewable energy sources; however, the durability of these devices is still not sufficiently long (10 to 40 thousand hours). The increase in the durability is a relevant task. The review presents a systematic account and evaluation of the methods used for stabilization of electrochemical energy conversion systems with a proton exchange membrane and defines promising approaches to increase their lifetime.The bibliography includes 197 references.