Geography

NIL EPiRP is the largest research team in Russia engaged in the study of erosion–channel systems - landforms and the processes that create them due to the work of water flows. Telegram channel of the Laboratory: https://t.me/MakkaveevLab

Modeling of river flow formation processes, hydrological forecasts, development and implementation of methods of mathematical modeling of hydrological processes, projects in the field of water management in Russia, geoinformation systems in hydrology

The laboratory was established in 2019 as part of the implementation of the national project "Science". The laboratory's work is aimed at solving national goals and geostrategic tasks for the development of the Russian Federation, in particular the Asian part of Russia and the Baikal region.

The leading Russian research center in the field of political geography and international relations. Key areas of the laboratory's research: - geopolitical concepts and imperatives of Russia's changing geopolitical situation; - Russian borderland: socio-economic, geocultural and environmental challenges of the neighborhood

Economic geography was the basis for the creation of the Institute of Geography, which has a history of more than 100 years. In 1937, the Department of Economic Geography was actually established under the leadership of N.N. Baransky. From 1946 to 1962, three economic and geographical departments already worked at the Institute: general economic geography, geography of agriculture and economic geography of the European part of the USSR under the leadership of V.F. Vasyutin, P.M. Alampiev, S.N. Ryazantsev, V.V. Pokshishevsky. In 1962, the departments were merged under the leadership of A.A. Mints. Economic and geographical resource studies became the leading direction. Since 1973, the department was headed by G.M. Lappo, in the 1980s the divisions were headed by O.A. Kibalchich, E.B. Alaev, G.A. Privalovskaya, G.V. Ioffe, N.V. Petrov, major scientific areas were developed by T.G. Runova and J.A. Zayonchkovskaya, in the early 1990s the department worked under the leadership of G.A. Privalovskaya, from 1996 to 2014 the work of the department was carried out under the leadership of S.S. Artobolevsky, since 2014 the department has been headed by V.N. Streletsky. Main research areas: • Theoretical and evolutionary socio-economic geography • Urbanization and cities • Spatial development of Russia • Spatial mobility of the population • Evolution of rural areas and economy • Socio-economic problems of geography of nature management • Geography of local government and lawmaking

Areas of work: comprehensive assessment of anthropogenic impact on the environment, geo-ecological assessment of territories, GIS technologies, climate change, natural and climatic risks, forest fires, traditional life support systems, resilience of Arctic cities and settlements, landscape planning.

The department is engaged in a comprehensive study of the natural environment of the Quaternary period (the last 2.6 million years).

Methodological and methodical work in the field of radiocarbon dating of various carbon-containing materials. The use of scintillation (LCS) and accelerator (AMS) techniques in radiocarbon dating. Radiocarbon dating of organic matter(s) of soils and sediments. Approaches to the allocation of the "dating fraction". Determination of the coefficient of renewal of organic matter of modern soils, determination of the rates of carbon fluxes in the soil-atmosphere system based on radiocarbon data, assessment of carbon fluxes in soils of various epochs and their dynamics in connection with climate change. Application of the radiocarbon method in paleogeography, soil science, geology, and archaeology.

The Laboratory of the latest deposits and Paleogeography of the Pleistocene unites highly qualified specialists in the field of geomorphology, lithology, paleontology, physics, and geochemistry. The basis of the laboratory's scientific activity is paleogeographic reconstructions of the evolution of the nature of continents and oceans in order to establish patterns of their development in the Pleistocene and develop a long–term forecast of changes in natural systems. The general principle of the study is a comprehensive paleogeographic analysis of the latest deposits. The complex technique, which makes it possible to reliably substantiate stratigraphic conclusions and reconstruct the paleogeographic situation of the Pleistocene, uses a set of general and particular methods: geomorphological, lithological-mineralogical, geochemical, paleobotanical, paleofaunistic and micropaleontological, paleomagnetic, geochronological. The leading fundamental topic of the laboratory "Paleogeographic reconstructions of natural geosystems and forecasting of their changes" is included in the priority theme of the faculty "Global and regional changes in the environment and society". Fundamental directions are being developed within the framework of the topic: - Paleogeographic patterns of development of the natural environment of Northern Eurasia in the Pleistocene and Holocene; - Evolution of marine geosystems of the Arctic under conditions of climate and sea level changes; - Marine basins of the South of Russia in the context of global and regional climate change; - Absolute dating of sediments and paleogeographic events; - Theoretical problems of the paleoclimate of the Pleistocene and Holocene. Paleogeographers of the laboratory have achieved significant success in solving fundamental problems of stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Pleistocene. The geography of our research is from the western borders of the country to Chukotka, from the south seas to the Arctic. The research covers a wide range of topics, including the inexhaustible glacial problem, the mysteries of the loess-soil formation, the mysteries of stratigraphy, the controversial positions of paleogeographic rhythmics, the causes and forecast of fluctuations in the level of the World Ocean, the search for reliable benchmarks for interregional correlation of paleogeographic events. Maintaining a high scientific and methodological level of research in the best traditions of the paleogeographic school of Moscow University, the Laboratory of Recent Deposits rightfully retains the status of an authoritative scientific and educational center and is the largest scientific center for the study of Pleistocene paleogeography.

The laboratory's activities are related to solving a wide range of fundamental and applied problems in the field of hydrology and meteorology, including: - Assessment of hydrological consequences of current and future climate change in the Amur, Volga, Lena, Yenisei, Ob, Don, Ural, Kuban, Northern Dvina, Pechora, Mezen, Onega, Selenga, Kolyma, and Crimean river basins based on runoff formation models and scenario data from an ensemble of Earth System models - Development of process-based models of runoff formation in river basins of different spatial scales and located in different natural zones of the European and Asian parts of the Russian Federation - Creation of the National Hydrological Modeling System based on the ECOMAG platform for information support of decision-making in the field of hydro-ecological security of the Russian Federation - Short-term forecast of water inflow to reservoirs in the Volga, Amur and Angara basins using meteorological forecasts - Long-term ensemble forecast of spring water inflow to the Volga basin reservoirs - Flood hazard assessment and flood control effect of existing and projected reservoirs in the Amur River basin based on runoff formation and hydrodynamic models - Attribution of the contribution of natural and anthropogenic components of climate change to the water regime variability of rivers - Technology of hydroinformational support in the management of the Volga-Kama and Angara-Yenisei reservoir cascades - Investigation of conditions for generation of extreme hydrological events, description of their dynamics in time and space - Estimation of the Volga River flow based on the results of hydrological modeling using paleoclimatic and paleogeographic data - Estimation of changes in the scale and duration of flooding in the Lena, Ob, and Northern Dvina basins under future climate changes - Calculations of spatial distribution of characteristics of hydrological cycle components within river basins based on runoff formation models - Assessment of anthropogenic pollution of river basins by heavy metals for environmental monitoring (Belaya River and rivers of the Kola Peninsula) - Estimation of runoff changes in the Caucasus rivers due to melting glaciers - Application of satellite altimetry data together with hydrodynamic modeling for estimation of river water levels

The research team of the OIE Laboratory is studying the architecture and evolution of the main mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of leading European countries and related challenges to Russia's national interests. Special attention is paid to the study of the activities of key European players in the regions of Africa and the Middle East in the light of increased global scientific and technological competition and, in this context, increased attention to the states of the global South. Within the framework of solving the scientific tasks of the Laboratory, methods and approaches are being applied and developed that combine economic, institutional, regional, country and economic and political research.