Defects and Fracture

Chen H.

ABSTRACT With the fast-developing nanotechnology, metal based nanoparticles (NPs) production and application are increased significantly. These metal based NPs can enter agricultural land through both direct and indirect pathways. This review presents an overview of the fate and transport of metal based NPs and their interactions with plants in agricultural ecosystem system. The physical chemical properties of both metal based NPs (e.g. size, surface charge, surface coating) and soil matrix (e.g. pH, ionic strength, mineral composition, dissolved organic matter) all play important roles in determining the mobility, transformation and potential risks of metal based NPs in plant and soil system. NPs can be accumulated to plant roots and translocated to other parts of the plants. The properties of both plant and metal based NPs are playing critical roles to this process. Systematic research of metal based NPs in environmentally relevant concentrations and conditions is needed for the future study.

Yu X., Tian X., Lu Y., Liu Z., Guo Y., Chen J., Li C., Zhang M., Wan Y.

The interactive effects of straw-derived biochar and bio-based polymer-coated urea (BPCU) was examined with a pot experiment conducted in 2014 and 2015. Using a split-plot design, the main plot fac...

Chen S., Feng F., Li S., Li X., Shu L.

A Zr-based stable metal-organic frameworks DUT-67 (Zr) was successfully synthesized as an adsorbent to remove trace mercury and methylmercury ions in aqueous solution. The removal efficiency of 90%...

Zhang C., Ren S., Cheng H., Zhang W., Ma J., Zhang C., Guo Z.

This study was aimed to analyze the thallium pollution and assess the potential ecological risks in the vicinity of coal mines in Henan province, China. We studied 90 surface farmland soil samples ...

Aldana G., Hernández M., Cram S., Arellano O., Morton O., Ponce de León C.

AbstractTrace metal species in the water column of a canal system forming a wetland filled with wastewater were analyzed to determine their correlation with metal accumulation in the gills of locally fished Oreochromis niloticus. The metal concentrations in the suspended particles and water dissolved were analyzed. The metal species were calculated using Windermere Humic Aqueous Model version VII showing that the high organic matter and major cation contents were important parameters. Also, the free ion metal concentration was expected to correlate with the organic matter aromaticity; however, organic compounds other than humic susbtances seem to be complexing the metals in the system. Additionally, no clear correlation could be found between metal accumulation in gills and any of the dissolved metal species. Nonetheless, certain trends could be seen between the calculated metal species and metal accumulation in the tilapia from the suspended particles.

Zhang J., Huang B., Chen L., Li Y., Li W., Luo Z.

The yak manure based biochar was produced at different temperatures of 300, 500 and 700 ℃ held for 3 h, which was characterized by BET surface area, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared  s...

Xie B., Jiang Y., Zhang Z., Cao G., Sun H., Wang N., Wang S.

The transport of Pb(II) or Cd(II) in subsurface has been studied in the literature; however; their co-transport in porous media in presence of colloids has not been clearly understood. In this work...

Guo P., Sun Y., Su H., Wang M., Zhang Y.

This study aims to determine the sediment changes and the trends in TOC, BC and TN before and after restoration of the mangrove wetland in the Jinjiang Estuary and to determine the effect of the we...

Sikakwe G.U., Otele A., Ozibo B.N.

Chemical speciation was carried out on trace and rare earth elements on trace and rare earth elements data on water samples in Oban Massif and Mamfe Mbayment southeastern Nigeria. Product moment co...

Kunito T., Hiruta N., Miyagishi Y., Sumi H., Moro H.

AbstractThe effects of adding larch (Larix kaempferi) leaf litter and nitrogen (N) on microbial activity and phosphorus (P) fractions in forest soil were examined in a short-term (28-d) laboratory incubation study. The soil was analyzed using a modified Hedley sequential extraction procedure and an acid phosphatase assay. The addition of larch litter and N increased the acid phosphatase activity and decreased the labile P (H2O-P + NaHCO3-P) concentration. Compared with addition of larch litter only, addition of both inputs decreased the proportion of inorganic P (Pi) and increased that of organic P (Po) in the NaOH fraction, bound to aluminum and iron oxides. The results of nutrient (carbon, N, or P) addition indicated that acid phosphatase was synthesized to acquire P. This study suggests that, in this forest soil, P in the H2O-P + NaHCO3-P and in the NaOH-Pi fractions was available for soil microorganisms to decompose leaf litter and that increase in microbial activity eventually translated in an increa...

Spychalski W., Grzebisz W., Diatta J., Kostarev D.

Soil humus degradation strengthens nutrient mining, especially phosphorus. This study was carried out on the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe Zone (UFSZ). A total of 21 soil profiles have been investigated:...

Dinake P., Kelebemang R., Sehube N., Kamwi O., Laetsang M.

Risk assessment indices such as risk assessment code (RAC), potential ecological risk index (PERI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF) and enrichment factor (EF) provide a good...

Yang W., Xiao H., Li Y., Miao D.

Columnar sediment samples were collected from five representative river inflow areas of Dianchi Lake, China. The vertical distribution of each form of P were tested. Results showed that the concent...

Zhao X., Yi S., Dong S., Xu H., Sun Y., Hu X.

Adsorption of levofloxacin (LEV) onto four types of magnesium (Mg)-impregnated biochars, fabricated via thermal pyrolysis of wood chips pretreated with MgSO4 was investigated. The Mg-impregnated bi...

Chutipaijit S., Sutjaritvorakul T.

The investigations of nanotechnology with the application on agricultural products also have been few reported, especially the plant regeneration. The effects of activated charcoal and nanocarbon o...