Hybrid nanostructures for biomedicine

This project develops and investigates the properties of TMO/MXene nanocomposites made of Transition Metal Oxide (TMO) and two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti3C2 MXene) for applications in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. The aim of the project is to synthesize nanocomposites that will be used for environmental restoration, in particular, for selective photodegradation of aquatic pollutants, as well as for use in energy (H2 production) through photocatalytic splitting of water.

The development of new MRI contrasting nanostructured composites demonstrating effective generation of reactive oxygen species under the influence of electromagnetic radiation and focused ultrasound for minimally invasive therapy of glioblastoma with in situ MRI control includes: 1. Development of MRI contrasting nanostructured composites based on magnetic LF and ROS photosensitizers; 2. Identification of patterns of occurrence of local sources of photoexcitation under the action of ultrasound of a given frequency and intensity and the effectiveness of their use to activate ROS photosensitizers; 3. Establishment of the dependence of the MRI contrast of nanostructured composites on their architecture; 4. Demonstration of the functionality of composites in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo

Magnetically luminescent nanocomposites were obtained by single-stage microwave synthesis using precursors of carbon dots and magnetic nanoparticles. Composites are interesting for their properties, such as tunable fluorescence with a quantum yield of up to 28%, high photostability and low cytotoxicity. The luminescent response of carbon dots allows them to be used as biomarkers, and magnetic susceptibility can be applied to local hyperthermia of cells under the influence of an alternating magnetic field.

The mechanisms of interaction and effective injection of charge carriers from luminescent nanoparticles to filamentous nanocrystals (nanowiskers) with a large surface area are investigated. Under certain conditions, a nanowisker can act as a resonator, enhancing the luminescence of particles decorating its surface. Such hybrid structures can be used to produce photosensitive sensors and sensors.

1) Modeling and experimental investigation of the dynamics of photoinduced luminescence inhomogeneity in a mixture of nanoparticles of various sizes. 2) Modeling and experimental investigation of the spatial distribution of the luminescence intensity of nanocrystals in a colloidal solution with a photoinduced change in the diffusion coefficient. 3) Creation of a photosensitive photopolymer material with luminescent nanocrystals for recording holographic diffraction and sensor elements. 4)Holographic recording and laser scanning microscopy of periodic structures with luminescent nanocrystals. 5) Investigation of the motion of quantum dots in spatially inhomogeneous (cellular and imitating) systems by holographic relaxometry and luminescence restoration (sFRAP, stripe Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching). 6) Modeling the redistribution of luminescent nanoparticles in space during interference (holographic) and direct recording by a laser beam in a photopolymer.

Spectroscopy of magnetic circular dichroism of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS) and composites based on them. Investigation of aggregation conditions, optical and magneto-optical properties of tetrapyrrole compounds (pheophorbide A and its analogues, including the zinc complex of tetraphenylporphine and its non-metallic analog). MCD spectra are more informative than absorption spectra in identifying electronic transitions corresponding to overlapping absorption bands. It is possible to identify degenerate transitions, despite the fact that the absorption spectra themselves in the ultraviolet and visible regions do not allow this. The MCD spectra provide additional information about the contribution of the magnetic dipole moment, which is determined by a change in the intensity of the MCD signal, compared with absorption spectra in which only the contribution of the electric dipole moment prevails.

Creation and investigation of the dependence of photophysical and photovoltaic properties of a photochemical sensor based on graphene nanofibers and triple quantum dots for the detection of nitrogen-containing gases and volatile markers of certain diseases. Manufacturing and identification of dependences of photophysical and photoelectric properties of a biosensor based on nanostructured carbon, triple quantum dots and phthalocyanines/tetrapyrazineporphyrazines for the preventive detection of cardiovascular diseases. The use of a hybrid system based on graphene and semiconductor nanocrystals is the most popular solution for achieving high efficiency conversion of absorbed energy into a useful signal of a final photovoltaic device. Creating counters based on Arduino and developing software (Python/C++) for working with sensors. The outstanding photophysical and photovoltaic properties of the graphene/quantum dot hybrid structure make it possible to create multiparameter sensors based on them.

Development and study of nanostructured and molecular generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy of tumors. The study of the photophysical properties of tetrapyrrole compounds and their use as generators of chemically active singlet oxygen. Experimental and theoretical studies of the effect of low-intensity ultrasound with a frequency of 20 kHz on the optical and catalytic properties of molecular and nanostructured stabilizers for ROS generation

This study reveals the potential of using BIC spectroscopy in combination with multidimensional data analysis and aquaphotomy methods to study a wide range of biological objects, including bioimplants for regenerative medicine, biological fluids of patients with various oncological diseases, and model drug delivery systems based on bovine serum albumin. Aquaphotomics is an actively developing scientific discipline that makes it possible to assess the functional state of biological objects through spectral interpretation of the molecular organization of water in the near infrared region. Unlike other disciplines such as metabolomics, proteomics, etc., aquaphotomics considers biological systems as integral objects, analyzing not individual absorption bands of water, but their complex changes in response to external influences. It is expected that this approach will not only allow monitoring biological samples in real time without sample preparation, but will also open up new opportunities for their comprehensive assessment. The obtained data on the state of the water matrix in biological samples can subsequently be used for forecasting, diagnostics, and an in-depth understanding of biology, chemistry, and physics of biological and aquatic systems.