Department of Radiation Diagnostics

The Department of Radiation Diagnostics of the Scientific Center of Neurology has become a pioneer in the use of computed tomography in our country. A methodology for step-by-step CT morphological comparisons has been developed. In 1984, the department's staff, together with engineers and physicists, were awarded the State Prize for creating a domestic model of an X-ray computed tomograph. The department has developed original technologies for combining images obtained on computer tomographs of various types (CT, MRI, SPECT). A complex of neuroimaging biomarkers of neurodegenerative, demyelinating and cerebrovascular diseases has been developed, including an assessment of a number of morphometric, tractographic and functional parameters and aimed at objective monitoring of the course of the disease, including against the background of ongoing therapy. Functional mapping of the speech and motor areas of the brain was carried out in order to determine the rehabilitation potential and develop personalized protocols for the rehabilitation treatment of stroke patients.

THE MAIN AREAS OF ACTIVITY

The main profile of the department is neuroimaging, the work is carried out in two directions: clinical and research. The main tasks of the department are to study the structure of the brain in normal and pathological conditions, physiology and pathophysiology of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), diagnose complex cases of CNS damage, predict the course of diseases, determine the rehabilitation potential of patients, monitor the effectiveness of therapy, etc. development of algorithms for the study of patients with CNS diseases. Clinical neuroimaging: the use of MRI and MSCT in the diagnosis of vascular (ischemic strokes, intracerebral hemorrhages), infectious, multiple sclerosis, other demyelinating, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors of the central nervous system and other diseases of the central nervous system. examination of patients with diseases of the spine, intervertebral discs and ligamentous apparatus (including functional tests, including dynamic MRI of the cervical spine). MRI examination of lesions of cranial nerves, nerve plexuses and nerves in peripheral neuropathies. MRI diagnostics of neuromuscular diseases. functional mapping of the cerebral cortex before neurosurgical interventions (motor, speech paradigms of fMRI, etc.). fluoroscopy of the act of swallowing in dysphagia of various genesis Research work: CT and MRI perfusion of the brain in various pathological conditions of the central nervous system, including the 4D-adaptive technique of simultaneous angiography, venosinusography and brain perfusion. Assessment of blood flow through the main arteries of the head and neck, assessment of the structure of the vascular wall in their lesion (vasculitis, atherosclerosis, dissection). The combination of various MRI techniques in assessing the pathogenesis and progression of small vessel disease. Multimodal MR study of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases (diagnosis, assessment of process progression, prediction of functional outcome). Neuroimaging aspects of heterogeneity of heart attacks in the cerebral hemispheres. Functional MRI is both normal (mapping) and in the study of brain plasticity in various CNS pathologies, as a marker of restoration of impaired CNS functions. In addition, the technique is actively used to identify functionally significant areas when planning surgical interventions on the brain. Diffusion research methods: diffusion-weighted MRI and diffusion-tensor MRI. The latter is used to detect changes in the pathways of the brain in vascular, degenerative and demyelinating diseases. These techniques allow us to assess the degree of involvement of white matter in the pathological process and predict the course of the disease and the recovery potential of patients. MRI morphometry in the study of ultrastructural changes in the brain in various diseases of the central nervous system. MRI spectroscopy in the differential diagnosis of lesions of the nervous system. Multimodal brain mapping (a combination of structural MRI, fMRI, DT-MRI, EEG, TMS techniques). A new approach to assessing the physiological parameters of brain activity when combining images obtained using various neuroimaging methods.

EDUCATIONAL AND METHODICAL WORK

On the basis of the department of radiation diagnostics, higher education programs are being implemented for training in residency in the specialty 31.08.09 Radiology (duration of study - 2 years), in postgraduate studies in the direction 31.06.01. Clinical medicine, focus "Radiation diagnostics, radiation therapy" (full-time, duration of study - 3 years). Also, on the basis of the Department of Radiation diagnostics (CT and MRI group), advanced training courses for radiologists are conducted on the topic: "CT and MRI in the diagnosis of CNS diseases." For all questions, please contact the Scientific Part of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Research Center tel.: 8(495) 490-21-04

EQUIPMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT

Closed-type magnetic resonance tomographs: new generation MR tomograph Magnetom Prisma SIEMENS (Germany) – magnetic induction value 3 Tesla Magnetom Verio, Siemens (Germany) – magnetic induction value 3 Tesla, aperture diameter – 70 cm, patient weight – up to 130 kg; Magnetom Avanto, Siemens (Germany) – magnetic induction value magnetic induction 1.5 Tesla, aperture diameter – 60 cm, patient weight – up to 130 kg; Open-type magnetic resonance imaging: Magnetom C!, Siemens (Germany) – magnetic induction value 0.4 Tesla, patient weight – up to 130 kg; Panorama, Philips (Netherlands) – magnetic induction value 1.0 Tesla, the patient's weight is up to 130 kg. Multispiral computed tomographs: Somatom Definiton AS+, Siemens, (Germany) - 128-slice Digital X-ray diagnostic device Italrhoentgen Clinodigit (Italy); Densitometer Stratos dR DMS group (France).