Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo

Carvalho M.D., Gagliardi C., Marins P.C.

Carvalho M.D., Gagliardi C., Marins P.C.

João B.N.

Content AgTech is a company using technology in agriculture to increase productivity and efficiency. Technologies like machine learning have prominence in Precision Agriculture. Relevance Integrating AI into PA promotes efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. Allowing the optimization of resource use and facilitating data-based decision-making contribute to food security and the mitigation of environmental impacts. Literature Gap we work with the alignment between the creation of knowledge in AI and the creation of startups in agriculture based on the Knowledge Overflow Theory of Entrepreneurship and advance the literature on AI-based innovation. Objective This research aimed to identify and analyze where knowledge is created in AI to AgTech. Methodology We show three case studies of AgTech that helped this transformation and attracted the growing interest in venture capital. Results AgTechs have an above-average demand for technological expertise, funding, and knowledge. Crop monitoring control by remote sensing management is an example of a solution involving the participation of leading institutions and experts in the innovation ecosystem, including leading universities.

Hobaica N.C., De Oliveira G.C., Porto B.C., Passerotti C.C., Da Silva Sardenberg R.A., Otoch J.P., Da Cruz J.A.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a significant health problem worldwide, especially among women. methenamine hippurate has been proposed as a preventive measure against recurrent UTIs. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of methenamine hippurate in preventing UTIs, incorporating the latest research findings and employing trial sequential analysis to assess the robustness of the evidence. A systematic review was conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar up to March 2024 for randomized controlled trials comparing methenamine hippurate with placebo or antibiotic in adult women with a history of recurrent, confirmed UTIs. Key outcomes included symptomatic UTIs as primary outcome and positive urine culture, asymptomatic bacteriuria and adverse effects as secondary outcomes. It is important to state that asymptomatic UTIs with negative urine cultures were not adequately accounted for in the studies; therefore, this outcome was excluded from our meta-analysis. Additionally, adverse effects related to antibiotic resistance were not described in the studies, so only the adverse effects of the medications themselves were considered. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2, and statistical analysis was conducted using RStudio software. We retrieved 5 articles, encompassing 216 patients in the methenamine group and 205 patients in the control group (Antibiotic). Our analysis revealed non-inferiority in the rate of symptomatic UTI episodes between the two groups (RR 1.15; 95%CI 0.96,1.38; p = 0.41; I2 = 0%). Similarly, there were no notable distinctions in the rate of positive urine cultures (RR 1.20; 95CI 0.91, 1.57; p = 0.25; I2 = 28%), and the rate of adverse effects (RR 0.98; 95CI 0.86, 1.12; p = 0.35; I2 = 9%). However, we observed a decreased frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the control group (RR 1.91; 95CI 1.29, 2.81; p = 0.0001; I2 = 0%). In trial sequential analysis, existing studies were not able to achieve the futility boundaries. Overall, our meta-analysis provides evidence supporting methenamine hippurate as an effective, non-inferior and safe prophylactic option for preventing recurrent UTIs in adult women, as demonstrated by the current evidence base. Nevertheless, more RCTs are necessary to achieve the futility boundaries in trial sequential analysis.

Porta M.A.

Since Windelband and Husserl, Beneke’s name has been inextricably linked to the label “psychologism.” Certainly, the project for the foundation of philosophy in psychology is an essential part of the Benekian program. However, this program, not to mention Beneke’s thought as a whole, is not exhausted by the reductive perspective with which it was retrospectively approached by the aforementioned authors. Both from the point of view of the history of psychology and that of the history of philosophy, Beneke still deserves nuanced consideration as an essential link between both. In the discussion that follows, special attention is paid to Beneke’s psychology, considered in the context of his general program.

Aleksander-Ivanov Y., Amaral D.C., Cheidde L., Lima G.N., Valentim C.C., Chater M.S., Mora-Paez D.J., Guedes J.

Pereira P.J.

Access to cannabis for medicinal purposes in Brazil faces many restrictions. The country does not have a law establishing clear regulation for this issue, creating a context characterized as a “weak legal governance.” This allowed social actors to build their own dynamics of access to the plant and its products, often on the fringes of the law, by using strategic mechanisms of action. The most expressive case is the creation and functioning of non-profit cannabis patient associations (CPAs), whose activities have redefined the policy design “space” of cannabis medicinal use in the country. The specialized literature still lacks an analysis of these cases and their contribution to the new governance of cannabis regulations. The article intends to address this gap. To this end, a literature review in the field of public policy and related areas, as well as a qualitative analysis of secondary data, was conducted. To complement this information, primary data was collected through five semi-structured interviews with key representatives from CPAs and with the Legal Network for Drug Policy Reform. The conclusion is that Brazil has an alternative bottom-up cannabis regulation model created by a “leadership configuration” in which CPAs are protagonists. They assume this role by acting based on the idea of civil disobedience to the drug law and functioning as social devices for politicizing medical cannabis use. This alternative regulation promotes more democratic access to cannabis-based medicines but remains embedded in Brazil's racist and classist prohibitionist framework, adding a new layer to it rather than replacing it..

Brait B., Souza G.T., Amorim M., Silva A.P., Pistori M.H., Rosa C.G., Stella P.R., Storto L.J.

RESUMO Em diversas obras do Círculo (Bakhtin, Volóchinov, Medviédev), a referência a Saussure e/ou às especificidades da Linguística, enquanto ciência da língua, pode ser encontrada em diálogo, mais ou menos polêmico, entre pensadores e tendências epistemológicas, teóricas e metodológicas que propõem diferentes abordagens para a complexidade representada pela linguagem humana e, consequentemente, para seu estudo. Neste artigo, o objetivo é circunscrever e discutir a presença da Linguística, enquanto ciência da língua instaurada por Saussure, nos escritos de Mikhail Bakhtin. Após uma introdução, o texto se organiza em três seções, que tratam (1) de uma forte presença de Saussure nos escritos do Círculo; (2) do diálogo de Bakhtin com a ciência na unidade da cultura; (3) do diálogo com a ciência linguística da escola de Genebra em “O problema do conteúdo, do material e da forma”; e, finalmente, de considerações inconclusas, mas necessárias. Destacam-se importantes momentos-chave de reflexão em textos assinados por Bakhtin, em que Saussure (ainda que não nomeado, mas designado pela ciência por ele estabelecida) merece destaque, como contraponto científico-filosófico necessário para a constituição de outra possibilidade de compreensão e estudo da linguagem: a perspectiva dialógica. Como resultado, espera-se demonstrar que, desde os anos 1920, o diálogo Bakhtin/Saussure se estabelece, para distinguir e qualificar duas formas complementares de compreensão da linguagem e do lugar da ciência na unidade da cultura.

Brait B., Souza G.T., Amorim M., Silva A.P., Pistori M.H., Rosa C.G., Stella P.R., Storto L.J.

ABSTRACT In several works by the Circle (Bakhtin, Vološinov, Medvedev), the reference to Saussure and/or the specificities of Linguistics, as a science of language, can be found in a dialogue, more or less controversial, between thinkers and epistemological, theoretical and methodological trends that propose different approaches to the complexity represented by human language and, consequently, to its study. In this article, the objective is to circumscribe and discuss the presence of Linguistics, as a science of language established by Saussure, in the writings of Mikhail Bakhtin. After an introduction, the text is organized into three sections, which deal with (1) Saussure’s strong presence in the Circle’s writings; (2) Bakhtin’s dialogue with science in the unity of culture; (3) the dialogue with the linguistic science of the Geneva school in “PCMF”; and, finally, of inconclusive but necessary considerations. Important key moments of reflection stand out in texts signed by Bakhtin, in which Saussure (although not named, but designated by the science he established) deserves to be highlighted, as a necessary scientific-philosophical counterpoint for the constitution of another possibility of understanding and study of language: the dialogical perspective. As a result, it is expected to demonstrate that, since the 1920s, the Bakhtin/Saussure dialogue has been established to distinguish and qualify two complementary ways of understanding language and the place of science in the unity of culture.

Florenzano J.P.

Santos I.A., Nasser R.M., Huberman B.

Abstract The contemporary case of settler colonialism in Palestine/Israel generates debates about the different types of violence – physical, territorial, and mental – experienced by the Palestinians. For more than 15 years, the Gaza Strip has been under blockade and isolated from the other Palestinian territories and the world. This reality has led to interpretations of Gaza as a laboratory, where remote-controlled weapons and the limits of human survival are tested. This makes Gazans use expressions such as ‘slow death’ or ‘living death’ to describe their lives. This article analyses six short stories from the science fiction book ‘Palestine +100: Stories from a century after the Nakba’ (2019) to investigate how the Israeli settler colonialism impacts Palestinian fictional production on Gaza. We argue that the persistence of the Nakba in the Palestinian present through continued expulsions, destruction and assassinations by Israel has made life an everyday dystopia. Furthermore, it made Palestinians’ imaginations regarding their future no longer utopian dreams of liberation, but dystopian and cyclical nightmares of confinement and death. Living eternally in the nightmare, as observed in Palestinian artistic productions, works as a colonial counterrevolutionary strategy. In this bleak reality, Gazans are left with the alternative of ‘living in death.’

Liberali F.C.

de Aguiar P.H., Galafassi G.Z., Targino M.N., de Aguiar P.H., Doria H.L., Lima V.L., Herculano M.A.

Abstract Introduction Visual deficit after surgical treatment for paraclinoid aneurysms is a problem faced by many neurosurgeons. Anterior clinoidectomy, performed to access the aneurysm, is one the most important steps of the surgery. However, it is also the step related the most with lesions to the optic nerve. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of visual loss between extradural versus intradural clinoidectomy in patients harboring paraclinoid aneurysms which underwent open surgery. Methods Analysis of 36 patients harboring paraclinoid aneurysms operated by the senior authors between 2020–2022. We compared our results to other series published previously. Results Fifteen patients underwent intradural clinoidectomy (41.6%), twenty patients extradural clinoidectomy (55.5%) and one patient intra and extradural clinoidectomy (2.7%). The incidence of postoperative visual deterioration was 11.1% (4 patients), all of them were from the extradural clinoidectomy group. Other complications found were cerebrospinal fluid leak (1 patient) and vasospasm followed by diffuse ischemia (1 patient). Visual evoked potential was used in 6 patients (16.6%). In two cases VEP was normal during surgery, however they developed visual deterioration in the postoperative period. Conclusion Both techniques have advantages and disadvantages, however extradural clinoidectomy showed higher rates of visual deterioration than intradural clinoidectomy. Regardless of the chosen procedure, precise surgical technique is mandatory when dealing with paraclinoid aneurysms.

Doci R.S., Carvalho F.F., Gomes R.C., Gianini R.J., Fanelli C., Noronha I.D., Santos N.B., Hausen M.D., Komatsu D., Randazzo-Moura P.

Dutra D.C., Hernandes L.E.

Resumo O Direito Comparado brasileiro se ressente em oferecer aos juristas nacionais ferramentas teóricas críticas capazes de dialogar com particularidades sociais, culturais e históricas do Brasil. De forma paralela, a teoria decolonial vem sendo apresentada como uma nova e importante chave teórica apta a oferecer ao Direito Comparado importantes avanços não só em sua teoria, bem como em sua atividade prática. A presente investigação se insere nesse contexto, e pretende responder se o direito comparado decolonial pode oferecer as posturas epistemológicas e a metodologia adequada para preencher essa lacuna na teoria do direito comparado brasileiro. Para responder a este problema inicial, este texto se divide em dois momentos. No primeiro deles investiga o chamado bovarismo epistêmico dos estudos jurídicos comparados nacionais. Numa segunda parte, apresenta analiticamente as contribuições do Direito Comparado Decolonial e como estas mesmas contribuições podem ser decisivas para o avanço do campo no país.