Northwest Missouri State University

ZHOU C., DONG C., ZHU X., ZHOU F., WU Q., QIN Z.

UAV networks often encounter jamming attacks, under which multi-radio protocols have to switch radios to accelerate communication recovery. However, the existing protocols rely on exchange of hello messages to detect jamming, leading to long sensing time and thus slow routing recovery. To address the issues raised by jamming attacks, we propose a new routing protocol, Electromagnetic Spectrum situation awareness Optimized Link State Routing (ESOLSR) protocol, to improve the existing OLSRv2 protocol. ESOLSR utilizes the spectrum situation awareness capability from the physical layer, and adopts joint-updating of link status, updating of interface functions, and adaptive adjustment of parameters. Our simulation results show that the improved protocol, ESOLSR, can recover routing and resume normal communication 26.6% faster compared to the existing protocols.

Ali E., Madjet M.E., De R., Wholey M.B., Frauenheim T., Chakraborty H.S.

Grimes E.S., Bergerson S.J., McHugh E.P., Monismith D., Campbell J.H., Campbell A.G.

ABSTRACT Soil bacteria were isolated from the Tar Creek Superfund site in the presence of cadmium. Eight of these strains belong to the genus Methylobacterium , whereas one strain belongs to the genus Methylorubrum . Here, we report drafts of their genome sequences and highlight cadmium-resistance genes required in an exceptionally contaminated environment.

Winn J.N., Wedlock E.A., McHugh E.P., Monismith, Jr. D., Campbell J.H., Campbell A.G.

ABSTRACT Soil samples taken near the abandoned town of Picher, OK, USA, were used to enrich and isolate bacteria in the presence of cadmium. Isolates reported belong to the genus Cupriavidus . Here, we report their permanent draft sequences with an emphasis on genes conferring resistance to cadmium.

Adojoh O., Marret-Davis F., Osterloff P., Hart M., Ikeunobe F., Weakley H., Agbogun H.

This study examines the sedimentation rates (SR) during the last 20 kyr in the Niger Delta using selected biostratigraphic datum levels. Three gravity cores (GCs) collected at −40 m below sea level from the shallow offshore Niger Delta (GC1 = Western, GC2 = Central, and GC3 = Eastern) were analysed for their calcareous nannoplankton species ( Emiliania huxleyi , Gephyrocapsa oceanica , Helicophaera sellii and Reticulofenestra asanoi ). Successive datums were established mainly from the informal biozones and ranges of Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Emiliania huxleyi marker species due to their abundance. By correlating the First Occurrence (FOC) and Last Occurrence (LOC) datums of the marker species in the cored sequences (GCs), SRs were reconstructed. Based on the constructions, the FOC of Gephyrocapsa oceanica (20 kyr) reflects a position towards the bottom of the GCs, the FOC of Emiliania huxleyi (11–8.5 kyr) delineates the middle of the GCs, and the LOC of Emiliania huxleyi (6.5 kyr) marks the uppermost part of the GCs. The sediment load by average calculated from each location in the Western, Central, and Eastern Niger Delta shows sequences of sedimentation rates of ~36.7 cm/kyr for the late Pleistocene, ~174 cm/kyr for the early Holocene, and ~18.6 cm/kyr for mid-Holocene time periods. Consequently, on average, ~229.3 cm/kyr of sediment were deposited at −40 m water level over the last 20 kyr, with the early Holocene experiencing the highest sedimentation rates (~174 cm/kyr) across the three locations. Additionally, this study provides evidence that the Niger Delta sink deposits responded to the West African Monsoon (WAM) driven sedimentation rates during the late Quaternary (20–6.5 kyr). Furthermore, this sediment deposit facilitated the development of a high-resolution age-depth and sedimentation rate model linked to the regional sea level of the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic that succinctly delineates the late Pleistocene and early Holocene boundary of the Niger Delta. The outputs of this study bridged the research gap and knowledge on the impact of coastal accretion and depositional processes on sedimentation rates in the shallow offshore Niger Delta.

O. J O., J. I. I., A. T. O., K. A., T. J. A.

The maximum likelihood (ML) technique is always one of the most widely employed to estimate model parameters in logistic regression models. However, due to the problem of multicollinearity, unstable parameter estimates, and inaccurate variance which affects confidence intervals and hypothesis tests can be achieved. A new two-parameter biased estimator is proposed in this paper to handle multicollinearity in binary logistic regression models. The proposed estimator's properties were determined, and five (5) different types of biasing parameter k (generalized, maximum, median, mid-range, and arithmetic mean) were applied in this work. The necessary and sufficient criteria for the new two-parameter biased estimators to outperform the existing estimators is considered. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation studies are carried out to compare the performance of the proposed biased estimator. Finally, a numerical example is provided to support the theoretical and simulations findings.

Nestell G.P., Pope J.P., Nestell M.K.

Desmoinesian (Middle Pennsylvanian) radiolarians are described from carbonate concretions found in the black phosphatic facies in strata of the Excello Shale Member of the Fort Scott Limestone (Marmaton Group) in southeastern Kansas (K69 section), USA. Ten new species of radiolarians are described: Albaillella kansaensis, Holdsworthella trifurca, Pseudoalbaillella deformata, Entactinia jayhawkensis, E. heckeli, E. boardmani, Apophysiacus martiali, Moskovistella insolita, Palacantholithus umbrelliformis, and Ormistonella perrara. The Kansas radiolarian assemblage is different from the assemblage described from the Excello Shale of Iowa in the preservation and taxonomic composition. The radiolarians are preserved as pyritized internal molds or regular tests replaced by pyrite, and unidentifiable organic material. The domination of entactinarians and albaillellarians in the Kansas assemblage and their poor to excellent preservation indicate the formation of early diagenetic calcareous concretions in anoxic conditions. The appearance of the spicular radiolarian genus Palacantholithus indicates an influx of relatively cold water connected with upwelling. The Kansas location was much farther offshore (450 km basinward) compared to the Iowa localities suggesting a difference in thermocline depth, affecting water temperature, oxygenation, and nutrients. Les radiolaires du Desmoinesien (Pennsylvanien moyen) sont décrits à partir de concrétions carbonatées trouvées dans le faciès phosphaté noir dans les strates du membre Excello Shale du calcaire de Fort Scott (Groupe de Marmaton) dans le sud-est du Kansas (section K69), aux États-Unis. Dix nouvelles espèces de radiolaires sont décrites: Albaillella kansaensis, Holdsworthella trifurca, Pseudoalbaillella deformata, Entactinia jayhawkensis, E. heckeli, E. boardmani, Apophysiacus martiali, Moskovistella insolita, Palacantholithus umbrelliformis et Ormistonella perrara. L'assemblage de radiolaires du Kansas est différent de celui décrit dans les schistes Excello de l'Iowa en termes de préservation et de composition taxinomique. Les radiolaires sont conservés sous forme de moules internes pyritisés ou de tests remplacés par de la pyrite et de la matière organique non identifiable. La dominance des entactinaires et des albaillellaires dans l'assemblage du Kansas et leur conservation médiocre à excellente indiquent la formation de concrétions calcaires diagénétiques précoces en conditions anoxiques. L'apparition du genre de radiolaire spiculaire Palacantholithus indique un afflux d'eau relativement froide lié à une remontée d'eau. L'emplacement du Kansas était beaucoup plus éloigné au large (450 km vers le bassin) que les localités de l'Iowa, ce qui suggère une différence de profondeur de la thermocline, affectant la température de l'eau, l'oxygénation et les nutriments.

Cao L., Meziani M.J.

Nanomaterials with one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures have exhibited superior optical, electronic, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties compared to their bulk material counterparts [...]

Kauzlarich L., Greenwood M.

ABSTRACTIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a long‐standing and egregious social issue that inherently impacts and is impacted by work and workplaces. Work‐related intimate partner violence (WIPV) is a pattern of IPV that both directly and indirectly undermines victim‐survivors' employment, work, and careers, yet scant attention has been paid in management studies to workplace responses and responsibilities regarding this form of violence. Hence, we conduct a systematic review and conceptual analysis of 111 WIPV‐focused papers utilizing three well‐established feminist lenses to ascertain and conceptualize what we know and do not know about the WIPV domain and, more importantly, to outline an agenda for what we should know from a gendered perspective about WIPV. We develop a gender‐sensitive, multilevel framework with which we investigate and challenge the WIPV research agenda from individual, interactionist, and structural viewpoints, including the interaction between these perspectives. A key purpose of this paper is to extend debate about WIPV beyond the current focus of human resource management (HRM) research and practice on micro‐level employment issues to include meso‐level organizational and macro‐level societal issues. A second and connected purpose is to draw attention to the need to address big societal challenges related to workplaces and to highlight the pivotal role of HRM in fostering ethical and socially sustainable workplaces. Thus, we advance the vital debate about WIPV, provide a template for how gender can be conceptualized in HRM and workplace research, and challenge the boundaries for organizational involvement in areas traditionally deemed as private or societal.

Epperson K.M., Rich J.J., Zoca S.M., Quail L.K., Andrews T.N., Kline A.C., White F.J., Daly R.F., Cushman R.A., Snider A.P., Perry G.A.

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of vaccination with an inactivated virus vaccine (IVV) or modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine on the corpus luteum (CL). On d0, synchronized beef cows were treated with MLV (n = 70; BoviShield Gold FP5VL5), IVV (n = 16; ViraShield 6VL5HB), or were unvaccinated controls (n = 5). Plasma was collected from treated animals on d0 and every other day through d22. Plasma was analyzed for concentrations of progesterone and 15 cytokines. Between d10 and d13, selected females (n = 13) were ovariectomized; controls were slaughtered on d15/16 to obtain CL for histological evaluation. There were reduced numbers of large luteal cells (LLC) in MLV compared to IVV and controls (P < 0.0001), but IVV were similar to controls (P = 0.11). MLV had decreased LLC percentage compared to controls, and IVV were intermediate (P < 0.0001, MLV: 1.57 ± 0.33 %, IVV: 2.99 ± 0.30 %, Control: 6.45 ± 0.33 %). Based on progesterone concentrations, 24 % MLV and 0 % IVV had an abnormal cycle following vaccination. Overall, MLV had reduced progesterone concentrations (P = 0.02; MLV: 3.61 ± 0.22; IVV: 4.81 ± 0.46 ng/mL). The new CL that formed following an abnormal cycle in MLV had the greatest percentage (35.56 ± 5.5 %) of apoptotic cells. Treatment by cycle status interaction, and time significantly affected IFN-γ, IP-10, MIP-1β, and MCP-1 (P < 0.03), with several time points having elevated concentrations in abnormally cycling MLV animals. Collectively, this demonstrates MLV vaccination around estrus negatively influenced LLC, progesterone, and increased luteal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Bandi A., Babu J., Zeng R., Muthyala S.R.

In recent years, generative AI chatbots have significantly improved in their ability to simulate human-like conversations. However, ensuring the accuracy and contextual relevance of their responses remains a challenge. This paper presents an innovative approach to enhancing the accuracy of generative AI chatbots by integrating knowledge graphs using Neo4j. We demonstrate how combining structured data from Knowledge Graphs with advanced large language models can result in more accurate and context-aware chatbot interactions. By implementing this approach, we aim to provide a robust framework for developing intelligent chatbots that can deliver precise and contextually appropriate responses. We created three categories of test cases: Data-Relevant Inquiries, Non-Contextual Queries, and Contextually Relevant but Data-Irrelevant Questions. The accuracy obtained for the data-relevant test cases was 91.44%.

Fellah A.

The source of uncertainty in software architecture isn’t impossible to predict, but it is certainly challenging given its inherent complexity and the dynamic environments of technology, external factors and events that can potentially impact the system’s operation and stability. Residuality theory, in particular, provides a new ideology that challenges conventional approaches to software design. In this paper, we propose a Residual Dynamic Management (RDM) framework for software architecture to manage residual components and stressors that constitute a residual system. RDM ensures that the system not only remains robust and capable of thriving but also flourishes in the face of uncertainty, dynamic changes, and unpredictable conditions. Furthermore, we propose a model called Residual Finite State Machines (R-FSM) to incorporate residuality complexity into software architecture, enhancing the overall system’s ability to manage unforeseen changes and effectively benefit from them through the concept of antifragility.

Naramore S.E.

ABSTRACT During the American War for independence, young and ambitious medical men entered the ranks of the Continental Army. Philadelphia physician and chemistry professor Benjamin Rush was one such American practitioner who went on after the conflict to argue for a uniquely American medical practice. However, Rush’s wartime experiences have largely been treated in a vacuum with little connection to his later medical work. Despite this disconnect, much of Rush’s own writing and teaching directly or indirectly is pulled from wartime experiences. His interpretation of those experiences changed from a means of supporting British medical ideas in the 1770s to challenging them in the 1800s. This change mirrors and engages with other changes in American identity and use of science to craft that identity in the wake of the Revolutionary War.

Horn S.P., Umaña-Villalobos G., Haberyan K.A.

LakesLake occur throughout Costa Rica, in a variety of geomorphic settings. Nearly every possible mode of lakeLake formation has occurred, involving processes related to volcanism, tectonics, mass movement, fluvial activity, coastal erosionErosion, and glaciation. Humans have also created a diversity of lakesLake. Based on basal ages on organics in sediment coresSediment cores, the oldest natural lakesLake in Costa Rica are the glacial lakesGlacial lakes of the Chirripó massif, which date to the late Pleistocene or early Holocene. While these lakesLake have shown little change over time, lakesLake elsewhere have changed dramatically due to human and natural disturbances. The great number of lakesLake in Costa Rica, and their variation in morphometry and limnology, makes them important in the conservation of biodiversity. LakesLake are also of economic and tourism importance, and their protection deserves particular attention.

Singh H., Mulvaney M.J., Bashyal M., Singh K.

AbstractProhexadione calcium is a growth regulator, which manages excessive vine growth in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by reducing shoot internode length. To test the effect of prohexadione calcium on peanut, a field experiment was conducted at the West Florida Research and Education Center in Jay, FL, during 2021 and 2022. The objective was to determine peanut response at different rates (untreated control, 70, 105, 140, and 175 g a.i. ha−1 of prohexadione calcium). Data were collected on yield, peg strength, above‐ and belowground biomass, plant height, and total sound mature kernels. Additionally, return on investment for prohexadione calcium application was also calculated. Prohexadione calcium application resulted in significant reduction of peanut plant height. The application rate of 105 g a.i. ha−1 resulted in significantly greater normalized difference vegetation index as compared to untreated control. Belowground, aboveground, and total biomass did not significantly differ between the 140 g a.i. ha−1 rate and untreated control. However, peanut peg strength increased significantly at the 140 g a.i. ha−1 treatment compared to the untreated control. Peanut yield ranged from 6.65 to 7.15 Mg ha−1 among different treatments; however, the differences among treatments were not significant. Similarly, the total sound mature kernels and return on investment did not differ significantly under different prohexadione calcium treatments. Considering that peanut response to prohexadione calcium is difficult to observe in small plots, it is important to test the effect of prohexadione calcium on peanut production under on‐farm large plot conditions.