The Role of Selenium in Cancer

This review summarizes the sources, metabolism and roles of selenium within the human body. Past and recent evidence implicating selenium deficiency as a feature in various cases of cancers is reviewed. Trace elements (micronutrients) are nutrients required in minute concentrations in human physiology. Their significance in maintaining homeostatic physiologic states cannot be overlooked. Selenium is an essential micronutrient that is primarily obtained from diet. After being taken up in the duodenum, the micronutrient is disseminated to various target organs where it executes vital roles such as aiding cell apoptosis, promoting anti-oxidation and boosting immunity and cognitive function. The possible link between selenium deficiency and a wide range of diseases especially cancer, has been recognized. In recent years, numerous reviews and meta-analyses of research examining the correlation between low levels of Selenium (toenail, serum, and urine) and specific cancer incidences have been published. Finally, suggestions on subsequent directions to further elucidate the function of selenium deficiency in cancer occurrence and prognosis were stated.