Hydrogel Preparation Technologies: Relevance Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Scaling up Aspects

Hydrogels are three-dimensional structure composed of organic resources with lightly cross-linked having high to very high swelling ability in aqueous solutions. Due to the special physical and chemical properties of hydrogels, such as: flexibility, swell-ability, softness, and biocompatibility, there are growing research interest in the hydrogel synthesis, developing its properties, and hence increasing the applications in different fields. Both natural and synthetic polymers either physically or chemically cross-linked for producing hydrogels. This review covers definition, classification, application of polymer hydrogels and an also, overview of the different synthesis processes, kinetics and thermodynamics mathematical modeling approaches. A case study related to producing and using hydrogel in various areas has been reviewed.