The structure–activity relationship of marine products for neuroinflammatory disorders

Neuroinflammation is one of the key events in the progression of multiple neurological disorders. The blood–brain barrier and blood–nerve barrier are responsible for the development of neuroinflammation via metabolic alteration, free radical generation, and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, overexpression of biological proteins such as proinflammatory and proapoptotic mediators, activation of glial, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, and Schwann cells also plays a key role in the development of neuroinflammation. Moreover, in some cases, alteration of cellular enzymes, ion channels, and prion proteins are also used to enhance neuroinflammation. The natural source of medicines such as plant, animal, marine, and mineral drugs plays a critical role in ameliorating the free radical, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cytokine-associated neuroinflammation. Some conventional medicines are involved in the regulation of neurotransmitters and ion channel function in the nervous system. However, the clinical use of conventional medicines is still questionable due to its low safety, efficacy, and higher intolerable adverse effects. The recent drug discovery process has paid greater attention toward natural medicines especially marine drugs for neuroinflammatory disorders. Some of the marine drugs have a promising role in the management of neurovascular disorders via potential antiinflammatory actions. However, the relationship between chemical structure and their biological activity remains to be explored. It is an essential part of bringing potential medicines from nature to health management. Hence, this book chapter is based on exploring the structure–activity relationship of marine drugs for neuroinflammatory disorders.