Open Access
The Lancet, volume 392, issue 10159, pages 1736-1788
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Gregory A. Roth
,
Degu Abate
,
Kalkidan Hassen Abate
,
Solomon M Abay
,
Cristiana Abbafati
,
Nooshin Abbasi
,
Hedayat Abbastabar
,
Foad Abd Allah
,
Jemal Abdela
,
Ahmed Abdelalim
,
Ibrahim Abdollahpour
,
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader
,
Haftom Temesgen Abebe
,
Molla Abebe
,
Zegeye Abebe
,
Ayenew Negesse Abejie
,
Semaw F Abera
,
Olifan Zewdie Abil
,
Haftom Niguse Abraha
,
Aklilu Roba Abrham
,
Laith Jamal Abu Raddad
,
Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi
,
Dilaram Acharya
,
Abdu A Adamu
,
Oladimeji M. Adebayo
,
Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin
,
Victor Adekanmbi
,
Olatunji O. Adetokunboh
,
Beyene Meressa Adhena
,
Mina G Adib
,
Amha Admasie
,
Ashkan Afshin
,
Gina Agarwal
,
Kareha M Agesa
,
Sutapa Agrawal
,
ALIREZA AHMADI
,
Mehdi Ahmadi
,
Muktar Beshir Ahmed
,
Sayem Ahmed
,
Amani Nidhal Aichour
,
Ibtihel Aichour
,
Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour
,
Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
,
Rufus Olusola Akinyemi
,
Nadia Akseer
,
Ziyad Al-Aly
,
Ayman Al-Eyadhy
,
Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi
,
Fares Alahdab
,
Khurshid Alam
,
Tahiya Alam
,
Animut Alebel
,
Kefyalew Addis Alene
,
Mehran Alijanzadeh
,
Reza Alizadeh Navaei
,
Syed Mohamed Aljunid
,
Ala’a Alkerwi
,
François Alla
,
Peter Allebeck
,
Jordi Alonso
,
Khalid Altirkawi
,
Nelson Alvis-Guzman
,
Azmeraw T. Amare
,
Leopold N Aminde
,
Erfan Amini
,
Walid Ammar
,
Yaw Ampem Amoako
,
Nahla Hamed Anber
,
Catalina Liliana Andrei
,
Sofia Androudi
,
Megbaru Debalkie Animut
,
Mina Anjomshoa
,
Hossein Ansari
,
Mustafa Geleto Ansha
,
Carl Abelardo T Antonio
,
Palwasha Anwari
,
Olatunde Aremu
,
Johan Ärnlöv
,
AMIT ARORA
,
Monika Arora
,
Al Artaman
,
Krishna K Aryal
,
Hamid Asayesh
,
Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw
,
Zerihun Ataro
,
Suleman Atique
,
Sachin R Atre
,
MARCEL AUSLOOS
,
Euripide F G A Avokpaho
,
Ashish Awasthi
,
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla
,
Yohanes Ayele
,
Rakesh Ayer
,
Peter S Azzopardi
,
Arefeh Babazadeh
,
Umar Bacha
,
Hamid Badali
,
Alaa Badawi
,
Ayele Geleto Bali
,
Katherine E Ballesteros
,
Maciej Banach
,
Kajori Banerjee
,
Marlena S Bannick
,
Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub
,
Miguel A Barboza
,
Suzanne Lyn Barker Collo
,
Till Winfried Bärnighausen
,
Simón Barquera
,
Lope H. Barrero
,
Quique Bassat
,
Sanjay Basu
,
Bernhard T. Baune
,
Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes
,
Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
,
Neeraj Bedi
,
Ettore Beghi
,
Masoud Behzadifar
,
Meysam Behzadifar
,
Yannick Béjot
,
Bayu Begashaw Bekele
,
Abate Bekele Belachew
,
Ezra Belay
,
Yihalem Abebe Belay
,
Michelle L. Bell
,
Aminu K. Bello
,
Derrick A. Bennett
,
Isabela M. Bensenor
,
Adam E. Berman
,
Eduardo Bernabé
,
Robert S. Bernstein
,
Gregory J Bertolacci
,
Mircea Beuran
,
Tina Beyranvand
,
Ashish Bhalla
,
Suraj Bhattarai
,
Soumyadeeep Bhaumik
,
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
,
Belete Biadgo
,
Molly H Biehl
,
Ali Bijani
,
Boris Bikbov
,
Ver Bilano
,
Nigus Bililign
,
Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed
,
Donal Bisanzio
,
Tuhin Biswas
,
Brigette F. Blacker
,
Berrak Bora Basara
,
Rohan Borschmann
,
Cristina Bosetti
,
Kayvan Bozorgmehr
,
Oliver J. Brady
,
Luisa C Brant
,
Carol Brayne
,
Alexandra Brazinova
,
Nicholas J.K. Breitborde
,
Hermann Brenner
,
Paul Svitil Briant
,
Gabrielle Britton
,
Traolach Brugha
,
Reinhard Busse
,
Zahid A. Butt
,
Charlton S K H Callender
,
Ismael R Campos Nonato
,
Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon
,
Jorge Cano
,
Mate Car
,
Rosario Cárdenas
,
Giulia Carreras
,
Juan J. Carrero
,
Austin Carter
,
Felix Carvalho
,
Carlos A Castañeda Orjuela
,
Jacqueline Castillo Rivas
,
Chris D Castle
,
Clara Castro
,
Franz Castro
,
Ferrán Catalá López
,
Ester Cerin
,
Yazan Chaiah
,
Jung‐Chen Chang
,
Fiona J Charlson
,
Pankaj Chaturvedi
,
Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang
,
Odgerel Chimed Ochir
,
Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa
,
Abdulaal Chitheer
,
Rajiv Chowdhury
,
Hanne Christensen
,
Devasahayam J. Christopher
,
Sheng-Chia Chung
,
Flavia M. Cicuttini
,
Liliana G Ciobanu
,
Massimo Cirillo
,
Aaron J. Cohen
,
Leslie Trumbull Cooper
,
Paolo Angelo Cortesi
,
Monica Cortinovis
,
Ewerton Cousin
,
Benjamin C. Cowie
,
Michael H. Criqui
,
Elizabeth A. Cromwell
,
Christopher Stephen Crowe
,
John A. Crump
,
Matthew Cunningham
,
Alemneh Kabeta Daba
,
Abel Fekadu Dadi
,
Lalit Dandona
,
Rakhi Dandona
,
Anh Kim Dang
,
Paul I. Dargan
,
Ahmad Daryani
,
Siddharth K Das
,
Rajat Das Gupta
,
José das Neves
,
Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa
,
Aditya Prasad Dash
,
Adrian C. Davis
,
Nicole Davis Weaver
,
Dragos Virgil Davitoiu
,
Kairat Davletov
,
Fernando Pio De La Hoz
,
Jan-Walter De Neve
,
Meaza Girma Degefa
,
Louisa Degenhardt
,
Tizta T Degfie
,
Selina Deiparine
,
Gebre Teklemariam Demoz
,
Balem Betsu Demtsu
,
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
,
Kebede Deribe
,
Nikolaos Dervenis
,
Don C. Des Jarlais
,
Getenet Ayalew Dessie
,
Subhojit Dey
,
Samath D Dharmaratne
,
Daniel Dicker
,
Mesfin Tadese Dinberu
,
Eric L. Ding
,
M. Ashworth Dirac
,
Shirin Djalalinia
,
Klara Dokova
,
David Teye Doku
,
Christl A Donnelly
,
E. Ray Dorsey
,
Pratik P Doshi
,
Dirk Douwes Schultz
,
Kerrie E Doyle
,
Tim R Driscoll
,
Eleonora Dubljanin
,
Eyasu Ejeta Duken
,
Bruce B. Duncan
,
Andre R. Durães
,
Hedyeh Ebrahimi
,
Soheil Ebrahimpour
,
Dumessa Edessa
,
David Edvardsson
,
Anne Elise Eggen
,
Charbel El Bcheraoui
,
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki
,
Ziad El Khatib
,
Hajer Elkout
,
Christian Lycke Ellingsen
,
Matthias Endres
,
Aman Yesuf Endries
,
Benjamin Er
,
Holly E. Erskine
,
Babak Eshrati
,
Sharareh Eskandarieh
,
Reza Esmaeili
,
Alireza Esteghamati
,
Mahdi Fakhar
,
Hamed Fakhim
,
Mahbobeh Faramarzi
,
Fareed Mohammad
,
Farzaneh Farhadi
,
Carla Sofia E Sá Farinha
,
Andre Faro
,
Maryam S. Farvid
,
Farshad Farzadfar
,
Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
,
Valery L. Feigin
,
Andrea B Feigl
,
Netsanet Fentahun
,
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
,
Eduarda Fernandes
,
João C Fernandes
,
Alize J Ferrari
,
Garumma Tolu Feyissa
,
Irina Filip
,
Samuel Finegold
,
Florian Fischer
,
Christina Fitzmaurice
,
Nataliya A Foigt
,
Kyle J Foreman
,
Carla Fornari
,
Tahvi D Frank
,
Takeshi Fukumoto
,
John E Fuller
,
Nancy Fullman
,
Thomas Fürst
,
João M Furtado
,
Neal D Futran
,
Silvano Gallus
,
Alberto L Garcia Basteiro
,
Miguel A Garcia Gordillo
,
William M. Gardner
,
Abadi Kahsu Gebre
,
Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot
,
Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin
,
Bereket Gebremichael
,
Teklu Gebrehiwo Gebremichael
,
Tilayie Feto Gelano
,
Johanna M. Geleijnse
,
Ricard Genova Maleras
,
Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo
,
Peter W. Gething
,
Kebede Embaye Gezae
,
Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami
,
Reza Ghadimi
,
Ghasemi Falavarjani Khalil
,
Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
,
Mamata Ghimire
,
Katherine B Gibney
,
Paramjit Singh Gill
,
Tiffany K Gill
,
Richard F. Gillum
,
Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi
,
Maurice Giroud
,
Giorgia Giussani
,
Shifalika Goenka
,
Ellen M Goldberg
,
Srinivas Goli
,
Hector Gomez–Dantes
,
Philimon N Gona
,
Sameer Vali Gopalani
,
Taren M Gorman
,
Atsushi Goto
,
Alessandra C Goulart
,
Elena V Gnedovskaya
,
Ayman Grada
,
Giuseppe Grosso
,
Harish Chander Gugnani
,
Andre Luiz Sena Guimaraes
,
Yuming Guo
,
Prakash C. Gupta
,
Rahul Gupta
,
Tanush Gupta
,
Reyna Alma Gutiérrez
,
Bishal Gyawali
,
Juanita A. Haagsma
,
Nima Hafezi-Nejad
,
Tekleberhan B Hagos
,
Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis
,
Gessessew Bugssa Hailu
,
Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
,
Arya Haj-Mirzaian
,
Randah R. Hamadeh
,
Samer Hamidi
,
Alexis J. Handal
,
Graeme J Hankey
,
Hilda L Harb
,
Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai
,
Josep Maria Haro
,
Mehedi Hasan
,
Hadi Hassankhani
,
Hamid Yimam Hassen
,
Rasmus Havmoeller
,
Roderick J. Hay
,
Simon I. Hay
,
Yihua He
,
Akbar Hedayatizadeh Omran
,
Mohamed I. Hegazy
,
Behzad Heibati
,
Mohsen Heidari
,
Delia Hendrie
,
Andualem Henok
,
Nathaniel J Henry
,
Claudiu Herteliu
,
Fatemeh Heydarpour
,
Pouria Heydarpour
,
Sousan Heydarpour
,
Desalegn Tsegaw Hibstu
,
Hans W. Hoek
,
Michael K. Hole
,
Enayatollah Homaie Rad
,
Praveen Hoogar
,
H. Dean Hosgood
,
Seyed Mostafa Hosseini
,
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
,
Mihaela Hostiuc
,
Sorin Hostiuc
,
Peter J. Hotez
,
Damian G. Hoy
,
Thomas Hsiao
,
Guoqing Hu
,
John J. Huang
,
Abdullatif Husseini
,
Mohammedaman Mama Hussen
,
Hutfless Susan
,
Bulat Idrisov
,
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
,
Usman Iqbal
,
Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
,
Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine
,
Nazrul Islam
,
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
,
Farhad Islami
,
Kathryn H. Jacobsen
,
Leila Jahangiry
,
Nader Jahanmehr
,
Sudhir Kumar Jain
,
Mihajlo Jakovljevic
,
Moti Tolera Jalu
,
Spencer L. James
,
Mehdi Javanbakht
,
Achala Upendra Jayatilleke
,
Panniyammakal Jeemon
,
Kathy J. Jenkins
,
Ravi Prakash Jha
,
Vivekanand Jha
,
Catherine O Johnson
,
Sarah C Johnson
,
Jost B. Jonas
,
Ankur Joshi
,
Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak
,
Suresh Banayya Jungari
,
Mikk Jürisson
,
Zubair Kabir
,
Rajendra Kadel
,
Amaha Kahsay
,
Rizwan Kalani
,
Manoochehr Karami
,
Behzad Karami Matin
,
André Karch
,
Corine Karema
,
Hamidreza Karimi-Sari
,
Amir Kasaeian
,
Dessalegn H Kassa
,
Getachew Mullu Kassa
,
Tesfaye Dessale Kassa
,
Nicholas J. Kassebaum
,
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
,
Anil Kaul
,
Zhila Kazemi
,
Ali Kazemi Karyani
,
Dhruv Satish Kazi
,
Adane Teshome Kefale
,
Peter Njenga Keiyoro
,
Grant Rodgers Kemp
,
Andre Pascal Kengne
,
Andre Keren
,
Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran
,
Yousef Saleh Khader
,
Behzad Khafaei
,
Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie
,
Alireza Khajavi
,
Nauman Khalid
,
Ibrahim A Khalil
,
Ejaz Ahmad Khan
,
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
,
Muhammad Ali Khan
,
Young-Ho Khang
,
Mona M Khater
,
Abdullah T Khoja
,
Ardeshir Khosravi
,
Jagdish Khubchandani
,
Aliasghar A Kiadaliri
,
Getiye D Kibret
,
Zelalem Teklemariam Kidanemariam
,
Daniel N Kiirithio
,
Young Eun Kim
,
Yun-Jin Kim
,
Ruth W Kimokoti
,
Yohannes Kinfu
,
Adnan Kisa
,
Katarzyna Kissimova Skarbek
,
Mika Kivimaki
,
Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen
,
Jonathan M. Kocarnik
,
Sonali Kochhar
,
Yoshihiro Kokubo
,
Tufa Kolola
,
Jacek A. Kopec
,
Parvaiz A. Koul
,
Ai Koyanagi
,
Michael A Kravchenko
,
Kewal Krishan
,
Barthelemy Kuate Defo
,
Burcu Kucuk Bicer
,
G. Anil Kumar
,
Manasi Kumar
,
Pushpendra Kumar
,
Michael J. Kutz
,
Igor Kuzin
,
Hmwe Hmwe Kyu
,
Deepesh P Lad
,
Sheetal D Lad
,
Alessandra Lafranconi
,
Dharmesh Kumar Lal
,
Ratilal Lalloo
,
Tea Lallukka
,
Jennifer O. Lam
,
Faris Hasan Lami
,
Van C Lansingh
,
Sonia Lansky
,
Heidi J. Larson
,
Arman Latifi
,
Kathryn Mei Ming Lau
,
Jeffrey V. Lazarus
,
Georgy Lebedev
,
Paul H. Lee
,
James Leigh
,
Mostafa Leili
,
Cheru Tesema Leshargie
,
Yichong Li
,
Lee-Ling Lim
,
Stephen S. Lim
,
Miteku Andualem Limenih
,
Shai Linn
,
Shiwei Liu
,
Yang Liu
,
Rakesh Lodha
,
CHRIS LONSDALE
,
Alan D. Lopez
,
Stefan Lorkowski
,
Paulo A Lotufo
,
Rafael Lozano
,
Raimundas Lunevicius
,
STEFAN MA
,
Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan
,
Mark T. MacKay
,
Jennifer H Maclachlan
,
Emilie R Maddison
,
Fabiana Madotto
,
Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek
,
Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek
,
Dhaval P Maghavani
,
Marek Majdan
,
Reza Majdzadeh
,
Azeem Majeed
,
Deborah Carvalho Malta
,
Ana Laura Manda
,
Luiz Garcia Mandarano Filho
,
Helena Manguerra
,
Mohammad Ali Mansournia
,
Chabila Christopher Mapoma
,
Dadi Marami
,
Joemer C Maravilla
,
Wagner Marcenes
,
Laurie Marczak
,
Ashley Marks
,
Guy B. Marks
,
GABRIEL MARTINEZ
,
Francisco Rogerlândio Martins Melo
,
Ira Martopullo
,
Winfried März
,
Melvin B Marzan
,
Joseph R. Masci
,
Benjamin Ballard Massenburg
,
Manu Raj Mathur
,
Prashant Mathur
,
Richard Matzopoulos
,
Pallab K. Maulik
,
Mohsen Mazidi
,
Colm McAlinden
,
JOHN J. McGRATH
,
Martin McKee
,
Brian J. McMahon
,
Suresh Mehata
,
Man Mohan Mehndiratta
,
Ravi Mehrotra
,
Kala M. Mehta
,
Varshil Mehta
,
Tefera C Mekonnen
,
Addisu Melese
,
Mulugeta Melku
,
Peter T N Memiah
,
Ziad A. Memish
,
Walter Mendoza
,
Desalegn Tadese Mengistu
,
Getnet Mengistu
,
George A. Mensah
,
Seid Tiku Mereta
,
Atte Meretoja
,
Tuomo J. Meretoja
,
Tomislav Mestrovic
,
Haftay Berhane Mezgebe
,
Bartosz Miazgowski
,
Tomasz Miazgowski
,
Anoushka I Millear
,
Ted R. Miller
,
Molly Katherine Miller Petrie
,
G K Mini
,
Parvaneh Mirabi
,
Mojde Mirarefin
,
Andreea Mirica
,
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov
,
Awoke Temesgen Misganaw
,
Habtamu Mitiku
,
Babak Moazen
,
Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad
,
Moslem Mohammadi
,
Noushin Mohammadifard
,
Mohammed A. Mohammed
,
Shafiu Mohammed
,
Viswanathan Mohan
,
Ali H. Mokdad
,
Mariam Molokhia
,
Lorenzo Monasta
,
Ghobad Moradi
,
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
,
Mehdi Moradinazar
,
Paula Moraga
,
Lidia Morawska
,
Ilais Moreno Velasquez
,
Joana Morgado Da Costa
,
Shane Douglas Morrison
,
Marilita M. Moschos
,
Simin Mouodi
,
Seyyed Meysam Mousavi
,
Kindie Fentahun Muchie
,
Ulrich Otto Mueller
,
Satinath Mukhopadhyay
,
Kate Muller
,
John Everett Mumford
,
Jonah Musa
,
Kamarul Imran Musa
,
Muthupandian Saravanan
,
Jean B. Nachega
,
Gabriele Nagel
,
Aliya Naheed
,
Azin Nahvijou
,
Gurudatta Naik
,
Sanjeev Nair
,
FARID NAJAFI
,
Luigi Naldi
,
Hae-Sung Nam
,
Vinay Nangia
,
Jobert Richie Nansseu
,
Bruno Ramos Nascimento
,
Natarajan Gopalakrishnan
,
Nahid Neamati
,
Ionut Negoi
,
Ruxandra Irina Negoi
,
Subas Neupane
,
Charles R.J. Newton
,
Frida N. Ngalesoni
,
Josephine W Ngunjiri
,
Anh Quynh Nguyen
,
Grant Nguyen
,
Ha Thu Nguyen
,
Huong Thanh Nguyen
,
Long Hoang Nguyen
,
Trang Huyen Nguyen
,
Emma Nichols
,
Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum
,
Yirga Legesse Nirayo
,
Molly R. Nixon
,
Nomonde Nolutshungu
,
Shuhei Nomura
,
Ole F Norheim
,
Mehdi Noroozi
,
Bo Norrving
,
Jean Jacques Noubiap
,
Hamid Reza Nouri
,
Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh
,
Mohammad Reza Nowroozi
,
Peter S. Nyasulu
,
Christopher M Odell
,
richard ofori asenso
,
Felix Akpojene Ogbo
,
In-Hwan Oh
,
Oladimeji Olanrewaju
,
Andrew T Olagunju
,
Pedro R. Olivares
,
Helen Elizabeth Olsen
,
Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya
,
Jacob Olusegun Olusanya
,
Kanyin L. Ong
,
Sok King Sk Ong
,
Eyal Oren
,
Heather M Orpana
,
Alberto Ortiz
,
Justin R. Ortiz
,
Stanislav S Otstavnov
,
Simon Øverland
,
Mayowa Ojo Owolabi
,
Raziye Özdemir
,
Mahesh P A
,
Rosana Pacella
,
Smita Pakhale
,
Abhijit P. Pakhare
,
Amir H. Pakpour
,
Adrian Pana
,
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
,
Jeyaraj Durai Pandian
,
Andrea Parisi
,
Eun-Kee Park
,
Charles D.H. Parry
,
Hadi Parsian
,
Shanti Patel
,
Sanghamitra Pati
,
George C. Patton
,
Vishnupriya Rao Paturi
,
Katherine R Paulson
,
Alexandre Pereira
,
David M Pereira
,
Norberto Perico
,
Konrad Pesudovs
,
Max Petzold
,
Michael R. Phillips
,
Frédéric B Piel
,
David M. Pigott
,
Julian David Pillay
,
Meghdad Pirsaheb
,
Farhad Pishgar
,
Suzanne Polinder
,
Maarten J. Postma
,
Akram Pourshams
,
Hossein Poustchi
,
Ashwini Pujar
,
Swayam Prakash
,
Narayan Prasad
,
Caroline A Purcell
,
Mostafa Qorbani
,
Hedley Quintana
,
D. Alex Quistberg
,
Kirankumar Waman Rade
,
Amir Radfar
,
Anwar Rafay
,
Alireza Rafiei
,
Fakher Rahim
,
Kazem Rahimi
,
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
,
Mahfuzar Rahman
,
Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman
,
Muhammad Aziz Rahman
,
Rajesh Kumar Rai
,
Sasa Rajsic
,
Usha Ram
,
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat
,
Puja C Rao
,
David Laith Rawaf
,
Salman Rawaf
,
Christian Razo García
,
K. Srinath Reddy
,
Robert C. Reiner
,
Marissa B Reitsma
,
Giuseppe Remuzzi
,
Andre M N Renzaho
,
Serge Resnikoff
,
Satar Rezaei
,
Shahab Rezaeian
,
Mohammad Sadegh Rezai
,
Seyed Mohammad Riahi
,
Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro
,
Maria Jesus Rios Blancas
,
Kedir Teji Roba
,
Nicholas L S Roberts
,
Stephen R. Robinson
,
Leonardo Roever
,
Luca Ronfani
,
Gholamreza Roshandel
,
Ali Rostami
,
Dietrich Rothenbacher
,
Ambuj Roy
,
Enrico Rubagotti
,
Perminder S. Sachdev
,
Basema Saddik
,
Ehsan Sadeghi
,
Hosein Safari
,
Mahdi Safdarian
,
Sare Safi
,
Saeid Safiri
,
Rajesh Sagar
,
Mohammad Ali Sahraian
,
Nasir Salam
,
Joseph S Salama
,
Payman Salamati
,
Raphael De Freitas Saldanha
,
Zikria Saleem
,
Yahya Salimi
,
Sundeep Santosh Salvi
,
Inbal Salz
,
Evanson Zondani Sambala
,
Abdallah M Samy
,
Juan Sanabria
,
Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
,
Damian Francesco Santomauro
,
Itamar S. Santos
,
João Vasco Santos
,
Milena M Santric Milicevic
,
Bruno Piassi Sao Jose
,
Abdur Razzaque Sarker
,
Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez*
,
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
,
Benn Sartorius
,
Shahabeddin Sarvi
,
Brijesh Sathian
,
Maheswar Satpathy
,
Arundhati R Sawant
,
Monika Sawhney
,
Sonia Saxena
,
Mehdi Sayyah
,
Elke Schaeffner
,
Maria Inês Schmidt
,
Ione J C Schneider
,
Ben Schöttker
,
Aletta Elisabeth Schutte
,
David C. Schwebel
,
Falk Schwendicke
,
James G. Scott
,
Mario Šekerija
,
Sadaf G. Sepanlou
,
Edson Serván Mori
,
Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
,
Hosein Shabaninejad
,
Katya Anne Shackelford
,
Azadeh Shafieesabet
,
Mehdi Shahbazi
,
Amira A. Shaheen
,
Masood Ali Shaikh
,
Mehran Shams Beyranvand
,
Mohammadbagher Shamsi
,
Morteza SHAMSIZADEH
,
Kiomars Sharafi
,
Mehdi Sharif
,
Mahdi Sharif Alhoseini
,
RAJESH SHARMA
,
Jun She
,
Aziz Sheikh
,
Peilin Shi
,
Mekonnen Sisay Shiferaw
,
Mika Shigematsu
,
Rahman Shiri
,
Reza Shirkoohi
,
Ivy Shiue
,
Farhad Shokraneh
,
Mark G. Shrime
,
Soraya Siabani
,
Tariq J Siddiqi
,
Inga Dora Sigfusdottir
,
Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir
,
Donald H. Silberberg
,
Diego Augusto Santos Silva
,
João Pedro Silva
,
Natacha Torres Da Silva
,
Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira
,
Jasvinder A Singh
,
Narinder Pal Singh
,
Prashant Kumar Singh
,
VIRENDRA SINGH
,
Dhirendra Narain Sinha
,
Karen Sliwa
,
Mari Smith
,
Badr Hasan Sobaih
,
Soheila Sobhani
,
Eugene Sobngwi
,
Samir S Soneji
,
Moslem Soofi
,
Reed J D Sorensen
,
Joan B. Soriano
,
Ireneous N Soyiri
,
Luciano A. Sposato
,
Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy
,
Vinay Srinivasan
,
Jeffrey D. Stanaway
,
Vladimir I Starodubov
,
Vasiliki Stathopoulou
,
Dan J. Stein
,
Caitlyn Steiner
,
Leo G. Stewart
,
Mark A Stokes
,
Michelle L Subart
,
Agus Sudaryanto
,
Muawiyyah Babale Sufiyan
,
Patrick John Sur
,
Ipsita Sutradhar
,
Bryan L. Sykes
,
Sylaja P.N
,
Dillon O Sylte
,
Cassandra E I Szoeke
,
Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
,
Takahiro TABUCHI
,
Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla
,
Ken Takahashi
,
Nikhil Tandon
,
Segen Gebremeskel Tassew
,
Nuno Taveira
,
Arash Tehrani Banihashemi
,
Tigist Gashaw Tekalign
,
Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle
,
Mohamad-Hani Temsah
,
Omar Temsah
,
Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi
,
Manaye Yihune Teshale
,
Belay Tessema
,
Gizachew Assefa Tessema
,
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan
,
Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
,
Nihal Thomas
,
Amanda G Thrift
,
George D. Thurston
,
Binyam Tilahun
,
Quyen G. To
,
Ruoyan Tobe Gai
,
Marcello Tonelli
,
Roman Topór Madry
,
Anna E Torre
,
Miguel Tortajada-Girbés
,
Mathilde Touvier
,
Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone
,
Bach Xuan Tran
,
Khanh Bao Tran
,
Suryakant Tripathi
,
Christopher E Troeger
,
Thomas Clement Truelsen
,
Nu Thi Truong
,
Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik
,
Derrick Tsoi
,
Lorainne Tudor Car
,
E. Murat Tuzcu
,
Stefanos Tyrovolas
,
Kingsley N. Ukwaja
,
Eduardo A Undurraga
,
Rachel L Updike
,
Muhammad Shariq Usman
,
Olalekan A Uthman
,
Selen Begüm Uzun
,
Muthiah Vaduganathan
,
Afsane Vaezi
,
Gaurang Vaidya
,
Pascual R Valdez
,
Elena Varavikova
,
Tommi Juhani Vasankari
,
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
,
Santos Villafaina
,
Francesco S Violante
,
Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov
,
Vasily Vlassov
,
Stein Emil Vollset
,
Theo Vos
,
Gregory R. Wagner
,
Fasil Shiferaw Wagnew
,
Yasir Waheed
,
Mitchell Taylor Wallin
,
Judd L. Walson
,
Yuan Pang Wang
,
ROBERT G. WEINTRAUB
,
Fitsum Weldegebreal
,
Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs
,
Andrea Werdecker
,
Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh
,
T Eoin West
,
Ronny Westerman
,
HARVEY A. WHITEFORD
,
Justyna Widecka
,
Lauren B Wilner
,
Shadrach Wilson
,
Andrea Sylvia Winkler
,
Charles Shey Wiysonge
,
Charles D.A. Wolfe
,
Shouling Wu
,
Yun-Chun Wu
,
Grant M A Wyper
,
Denis Xavier
,
Gelin Xu
,
Simon Yadgir
,
Ali Yadollahpour
,
Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari
,
Bereket Yakob
,
Lijing L. Yan
,
Yuichiro Yano
,
Mehdi Yaseri
,
Yasin Jemal Yasin
,
Gökalp Kadri Yentür
,
Alex Yeshaneh
,
Ebrahim M. Yimer
,
PAUL YIP
,
Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw
,
Engida Yisma
,
Naohiro Yonemoto
,
Gerald Yonga
,
Seok Jun Yoon
,
Marcel Yotebieng
,
Mustafa Z. Younis
,
Mahmoud Yousefifard
,
Chuanhua Yu
,
Vesna Zadnik
,
Zoubida Zaidi
,
Sojib Bin Zaman
,
Mohammad Zamani
,
Zohreh Zare
,
Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke
,
Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe
,
Anthony Lin Zhang
,
Kai Zhang
,
Maigeng Zhou
,
Sanjay Zodpey
,
Liesl Joanna Zuhlke
,
Mohsen Naghavi
,
Christopher J. L. Murray
,
Manisha Dubey
,
Rajeev Gupta
,
Mohammad Hossein Khosravi
,
Daniel Kim
,
Shanshan Li
,
Yang Liu
,
Reza Malekzadeh
,
Ghulam Mustafa
,
PRABHAT RANJAN
,
Amirhossein Sahebkar
,
Irfan Ullah
,
Yanping Wang
,
Elisabete Weiderpass
,
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2018-11-08
Journal:
The Lancet
scimago Q1
wos Q1
SJR: 12.113
CiteScore: 148.1
Impact factor: 98.4
ISSN: 01406736, 1474547X
PubMed ID:
30496103
General Medicine
Abstract
Summary Background Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. Methods The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries—Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to generate cause fractions and cause-specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised. Findings At the broadest grouping of causes of death (Level 1), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to 73·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 72·5–74·1) of total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) causes accounted for 18·6% (17·9–19·6), and injuries 8·0% (7·7–8·2). Total numbers of deaths from NCD causes increased from 2007 to 2017 by 22·7% (21·5–23·9), representing an additional 7·61 million (7·20–8·01) deaths estimated in 2017 versus 2007. The death rate from NCDs decreased globally by 7·9% (7·0–8·8). The number of deaths for CMNN causes decreased by 22·2% (20·0–24·0) and the death rate by 31·8% (30·1–33·3). Total deaths from injuries increased by 2·3% (0·5–4·0) between 2007 and 2017, and the death rate from injuries decreased by 13·7% (12·2–15·1) to 57·9 deaths (55·9–59·2) per 100 000 in 2017. Deaths from substance use disorders also increased, rising from 284 000 deaths (268 000–289 000) globally in 2007 to 352 000 (334 000–363 000) in 2017. Between 2007 and 2017, total deaths from conflict and terrorism increased by 118·0% (88·8–148·6). A greater reduction in total deaths and death rates was observed for some CMNN causes among children younger than 5 years than for older adults, such as a 36·4% (32·2–40·6) reduction in deaths from lower respiratory infections for children younger than 5 years compared with a 33·6% (31·2–36·1) increase in adults older than 70 years. Globally, the number of deaths was greater for men than for women at most ages in 2017, except at ages older than 85 years. Trends in global YLLs reflect an epidemiological transition, with decreases in total YLLs from enteric infections, respiratory infections and tuberculosis, and maternal and neonatal disorders between 1990 and 2017; these were generally greater in magnitude at the lowest levels of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). At the same time, there were large increases in YLLs from neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. YLL rates decreased across the five leading Level 2 causes in all SDI quintiles. The leading causes of YLLs in 1990—neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhoeal diseases—were ranked second, fourth, and fifth, in 2017. Meanwhile, estimated YLLs increased for ischaemic heart disease (ranked first in 2017) and stroke (ranked third), even though YLL rates decreased. Population growth contributed to increased total deaths across the 20 leading Level 2 causes of mortality between 2007 and 2017. Decreases in the cause-specific mortality rate reduced the effect of population growth for all but three causes: substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases. Interpretation Improvements in global health have been unevenly distributed among populations. Deaths due to injuries, substance use disorders, armed conflict and terrorism, neoplasms, and cardiovascular disease are expanding threats to global health. For causes of death such as lower respiratory and enteric infections, more rapid progress occurred for children than for the oldest adults, and there is continuing disparity in mortality rates by sex across age groups. Reductions in the death rate of some common diseases are themselves slowing or have ceased, primarily for NCDs, and the death rate for selected causes has increased in the past decade. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Found
Are you a researcher?
Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.
Profiles