Stationary Stokes solver for single-phase flow in porous media: A blastingly fast solution based on Algebraic Multigrid Method using GPU

The paper is focused on high efficiency Stokes solver that is applied to the incompressible flow in porous media. Computational domains are represented by binarized 3D computed tomography voxel models. The solution procedure is constructed around a fast algebraic multigrid solver that utilizes the power of graphics processing units (GPUs). In order to minimize memory footprint and accelerate the solver, a simple MAC-type staggered finite difference discretization is used and a coupled Stokes saddle-point type system is solved directly on a GPU. The MAC discretization is discussed, taking particular care of internal solid boundaries around pores. The method includes topological domain analysis on a GPU, which removes isolated volumes with no flow in the domain (based on the connected component labeling), depending on the boundary conditions. We consider various types of boundary conditions and efficient parallel strategies for the GPUs, including fast matrix assembly and residual regularization. Our method is extensively benchmarked both against analytical solutions and applied problems from digital rock physics in terms of computational wall time, precision, approximation order, and convergence. We demonstrate that it takes up to 5–23 s on a modern GPU card to obtain a solution with 1 ⋅ 1 0 − 6 error residuals for 3D geometries with 300–450 3 voxels and a porosity range of 5–37%. • Coupled second order Stokes solver for pore-scale modelling is presented. • The solution for 450 3 voxels is obtained within 20 s on a modern GPU card. • The solver uses approximate commutator, multigrid preconditioners, Krylov methods. • The topological domain analysis removes null subspaces in linear operators. • The software is implemented on modern GPU architecture; it is extensively tested.