An updated review on diverse range of biological activities of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives: Insight into structure activity relationship

• 1,2,4-Triazole based aromatic and heterocyclic compounds holds tremendous potential in the medicinal chemistry. • Different biological targets for 1,2,4-triazole analogs have been discussed with their biological activity. • Synthetic strategy and SAR for the various biological activities of 1,2,4-triazole have been discussed. • This compilation includes the research work reported on 1,2,4-triazole-based compounds from 2011 to 2022. Since its discovery 1,2,4-triazole ring has emerged as a prominent heterocyclic scaffold in medicinal chemistry. It possesses a wide spectrum of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antihypertensive, sedative-hypnotic, etc. Its wide biological profile has always been a subject of interest that have attracted researchers to investigate the pharmacophoric features of this skeleton. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in the medicinal chemistry of 1,2,4-triazole-based derivatives. The current review summarizes the synthetic approaches that have been designed along with the diverse biological activities of 1,2,4-triazole-based compounds reported in the last decade. We hope that this review will be highly beneficial for the researchers and medicinal chemists engaged in exploring 1,2,4-triazole as a potential lead for drug design and discovery. The review summarizes the synthetic strategies, biological activity and SARs of 1,2,4-triazole based compounds. This review can serve as crucial lead for the development of novel small molecules for wide variety of medicinal applications.