The interplay of coordinative, hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions in sustaining supramolecular solid-state architectures.

Bis-monodentate ligands, such as bis(4-pyridyl) derivatives and bis(4-pyridyl-N-oxide), are able to generate polymetallic coordination networks with interesting supramolecular solid-state architectures. This review is devoted to high-dimensionality systems, which are extended by combining two or three organizing forces: metal-coordination, hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions. A special emphasis is given to the following molecules, which play the role of linkers and spacers in the construction of extended frameworks: 4,4′-bipyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene, trans-4,4′-azo-pyridine, 4,4′-bipyridyl-N,N′-dioxide.