Morpholine Derivatives Greatly Enhance the Selectivity of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitors

Dramatic improvements in mTOR-targeting selectivity were achieved by replacing morpholine in pyrazolopyrimidine inhibitors with bridged morpholines. Analogues with subnanomolar mTOR IC(50) values and up to 26000-fold selectivity versus PI3Kalpha were prepared. Chiral morpholines gave inhibitors whose enantiomers had different selectivity and potency profiles. Molecular modeling suggests that a single amino acid difference between PI3K and mTOR (Phe961Leu) accounts for the profound selectivity seen by creating a deeper pocket in mTOR that can accommodate bridged morpholines.