Perovskite Solar Cells Using Carbon Nanotubes Both as Cathode and as Anode

Organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have received much attention because they achieve high power conversion efficiencies while providing the advantages of thin-film solar cells, namely, solution processability and potentially low fabrication costs. However, at the current level of halide perovskite solar cell technology, these advantages cannot be maximized because of structural and material limitations. Here, we provide a solution to these problems by replacing conventional metal and metal oxide electrodes with carbon nanotube electrodes. We also simplified the structure to achieve entirely solution-processable perovskite solar cells. Through this study, we demonstrate the function of carbon nanotubes as both the anode and the cathode in perovskite solar cells. Economic modeling suggests that this novel architecture reduces costs dramatically. This work realizes innovations in the materials, costs, and processing of inverted-type perovskite solar cells.