Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit
Rajeev Acharya
,
Richard Allen
,
Trond I. Andersen
,
Markus Ansmann
,
Frank Arute
,
Kunal Arya
,
Abraham Asfaw
,
Juan Atalaya
,
Ryan Babbush
,
Dave Bacon
,
Andreas Bengtsson
,
S. Boixo
,
Gina Bortoli
,
Jenna Bovaird
,
Leon Brill
,
MICHAEL BROUGHTON
,
Bob B. Buckley
,
David A. Buell
,
Tim Burger
,
Nicholas Bushnell
,
Yu Chen
,
Zijun Chen
,
Ben Chiaro
,
Josh Cogan
,
Roberto Collins
,
Paul Conner
,
William Courtney
,
Alexander L. Crook
,
Ben Curtin
,
Dripto M. Debroy
,
Andrew Dunsworth
,
Catherine Erickson
,
Lara Faoro
,
Edward Farhi
,
Reza Fatemi
,
Leslie Flores Burgos
,
Ebrahim Forati
,
AUSTIN G. FOWLER
,
Brooks Foxen
,
William Giang
,
Craig Gidney
,
Dar Gilboa
,
Marissa Giustina
,
Alejandro Grajales Dau
,
Jonathan A. Gross
,
Michael C. Hamilton
,
Oscar Higgott
,
Jeremy Hilton
,
Markus Hoffmann
,
Sabrina Hong
,
Trent Huang
,
Ashley Huff
,
Lev B. Ioffe
,
Sergei V. Isakov
,
Justin Iveland
,
Evan Jeffrey
,
Jiang Zhang
,
Cody Jones
,
Dvir Kafri
,
Kostyantyn Kechedzhi
,
Tanuj Khattar
,
Mostafa Khezri
,
MÁRIA KIEFEROVÁ
,
Seon Kim
,
Alexei Kitaev
,
Paul V. Klimov
,
Andrey R. Klots
,
Alexander N Korotkov
,
Fedor Kostritsa
,
John Mark Kreikebaum
,
Pavel Laptev
,
Kim-Ming Lau
,
Lily Laws
,
Joonho Lee
,
Kenny Lee
,
Brian J. Lester
,
Alexander Lill
,
Wayne Liu
,
Aditya Locharla
,
Erik Lucero
,
Fionn D. Malone
,
Jeffrey Marshall
,
Orion Martin
,
Trevor McCourt
,
Bernardo Meurer Costa
,
Xiao Mi
,
Kevin C. Miao
,
Masoud Mohseni
,
Emily Mount
,
Charles Neill
,
Ani Nersisyan
,
Michael Newman
,
Jiun How Ng
,
Anthony Nguyen
,
Murray Nguyen
,
Murphy Yuezhen Niu
,
Thomas E. O'Brien
,
Alex Opremcak
,
John Platt
,
Andre Petukhov
,
Rebecca Potter
,
Leonid P. Pryadko
,
Chris Quintana
,
Nicholas C. Rubin
,
Negar Saei
,
Kannan Sankaragomathi
,
Christopher Schuster
,
Michael J. Shearn
,
Aaron Shorter
,
Vladimir Shvarts
,
Jindra Skruzny
,
Vadim Smelyanskiy
,
W. Clarke Smith
,
George Sterling
,
Doug Strain
,
Marco Szalay
,
Alfredo Torres
,
Guifre Vidal
,
Benjamin Villalonga
,
Theodore White
,
Xing Cheng
,
Z. Jamie Yao
,
Ping Yeh
,
Juhwan Yoo
,
Grayson Young
,
Yaxing Zhang
,
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2023-02-22
scimago Q1
wos Q1
SJR: 18.288
CiteScore: 78.1
Impact factor: 48.5
ISSN: 00280836, 14764687
PubMed ID:
36813892
Multidisciplinary
Abstract
Practical quantum computing will require error rates well below those achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction1,2 offers a path to algorithmically relevant error rates by encoding logical qubits within many physical qubits, for which increasing the number of physical qubits enhances protection against physical errors. However, introducing more qubits also increases the number of error sources, so the density of errors must be sufficiently low for logical performance to improve with increasing code size. Here we report the measurement of logical qubit performance scaling across several code sizes, and demonstrate that our system of superconducting qubits has sufficient performance to overcome the additional errors from increasing qubit number. We find that our distance-5 surface code logical qubit modestly outperforms an ensemble of distance-3 logical qubits on average, in terms of both logical error probability over 25 cycles and logical error per cycle ((2.914 ± 0.016)% compared to (3.028 ± 0.023)%). To investigate damaging, low-probability error sources, we run a distance-25 repetition code and observe a 1.7 × 10−6 logical error per cycle floor set by a single high-energy event (1.6 × 10−7 excluding this event). We accurately model our experiment, extracting error budgets that highlight the biggest challenges for future systems. These results mark an experimental demonstration in which quantum error correction begins to improve performance with increasing qubit number, illuminating the path to reaching the logical error rates required for computation.
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760
Total citations:
760
Citations from 2024:
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(83.95%)
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Acharya R. et al. Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit // Nature. 2023. Vol. 614. No. 7949. pp. 676-681.
GOST all authors (up to 50)
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Acharya R. et al. Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit // Nature. 2023. Vol. 614. No. 7949. pp. 676-681.
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@article{2023_Acharya,
author = {Rajeev Acharya and Igor Aleiner and Richard Allen and Trond I. Andersen and Markus Ansmann and Frank Arute and Kunal Arya and Abraham Asfaw and Juan Atalaya and Ryan Babbush and Dave Bacon and Joseph C. Bardin and Joao Basso and Andreas Bengtsson and S. Boixo and Gina Bortoli and Alexandre Bourassa and Jenna Bovaird and Leon Brill and MICHAEL BROUGHTON and Bob B. Buckley and David A. Buell and Tim Burger and Brian J. Burkett and Nicholas Bushnell and Yu Chen and Zijun Chen and Ben Chiaro and Josh Cogan and Roberto Collins and Paul Conner and William Courtney and Alexander L. Crook and Ben Curtin and Dripto M. Debroy and Alexander Del Toro Barba and Sean Demura and Andrew Dunsworth and Daniel Eppens and Catherine Erickson and Lara Faoro and Edward Farhi and Reza Fatemi and Leslie Flores Burgos and Ebrahim Forati and AUSTIN G. FOWLER and Brooks Foxen and William Giang and Craig Gidney and Dar Gilboa and others},
title = {Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit},
journal = {Nature},
year = {2023},
volume = {614},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
month = {feb},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05434-1},
number = {7949},
pages = {676--681},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-05434-1}
}
Cite this
MLA
Copy
Acharya, Rajeev, et al. “Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit.” Nature, vol. 614, no. 7949, Feb. 2023, pp. 676-681. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05434-1.
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