Nature Neuroscience

, volume 24 , issue 3 , pages 312-325

Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions

Carole Escartin ¹

Elena Galea ^{2, 3}

A. Lakatos ^{4, 5}

James P. O’Callaghan ⁶

G. C. Petzold ^{7, 8}

Alberto Serrano-Pozo ^{9, 10}

Christian Steinhäuser ¹¹

A. Volterra ¹²

Giorgio Carmignoto ^{13, 14}

Amit Agarwal ¹⁵

Nicola J. Allen ¹⁶

Alfonso Araque ¹⁷

Luis Barbeito ¹⁸

Ari Barzilai ¹⁹

Dwight E. Bergles ²⁰

G. Bonvento ¹

Arthur J. Butt ²¹

Wei-Ting Chen ²²

Martine Cohen Salmon ²³

Colm Cunningham ²⁴

Benjamin Deneen ²⁵

Bart De Strooper ^{22, 26}

Blanca Diaz Castro ²⁷

C. Farina ²⁸

Marc Freeman ²⁹

Vittorio Gallo ³⁰

James E. Goldman ³¹

Steven A. Goldman ^{32, 33}

Magdalena Götz ^{34, 35}

Antonia Gutierrez ^{36, 37}

PG Haydon ³⁸

Dieter Henrik Heiland ^{39, 40}

E. M. Hol ⁴¹

Matthew G. Holt ⁴²

Masamitsu IINO ⁴³

Ksenia V. Kastanenka ⁴⁴

Helmut Kettenmann ⁴⁵

Baljit S Khakh ⁴⁶

Schuichi Koizumi ⁴⁷

C. Justin Lee ⁴⁸

Shane A Liddelow ⁴⁹

Brian A. MacVicar ⁵⁰

Pierre Magistretti ^{51, 52}

Albee Messing ⁵³

Anusha Mishra ⁵⁴

Anna V Molofsky ⁵⁵

Keith K. Murai ⁵⁶

Christopher M. Norris ⁵⁷

Seiji Okada ⁵⁸

Stéphane H.R. Oliet ⁵⁹

João Filipe Oliveira ^{60, 61, 62}

Aude Panatier ⁵⁹

Vladimir Parpura ⁶³

Marcela Pekna ⁶⁴

Milos Pekny ⁶⁵

Luc Pellerin ⁶⁶

Gertrudis Perea ⁶⁷

Beatriz G. Perez-Nievas ⁶⁸

Frank W. Pfrieger ⁶⁹

Kira E. Poskanzer ⁷⁰

Francisco J. Quintana ⁷¹

Richard M. Ransohoff ⁷²

Miriam Riquelme Pérez ¹

Stefanie Robel ⁷³

Christine R. Rose ⁷⁴

Jeffrey D. Rothstein ⁷⁵

Nathalie Rouach ⁷⁶

David Rowitch ⁵

Alexey Semyanov ^{77, 78}

Swetlana Sirko ^{79, 80}

Harald Sontheimer ⁸¹

R. E. Swanson ⁸²

Javier Vitorica ^{37, 83}

Ina-Beate Wanner ⁸⁴

Levi B. Wood ⁸⁵

Jiaqian Wu ⁸⁶

Binhai Zheng ⁸⁷

Eduardo R. Zimmer ⁸⁸

Robert Zorec ^{89, 90}

Michael V. Sofroniew ⁹¹

Alexei Verkhratsky ^{92, 93}

Hide authors affiliations Show authors affiliations: 93 affiliations

Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France |

Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain |

ICREA, Barcelona, Spain |

⁴

John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |

⁵

Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK |

⁶

Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, USA

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

⁷

German Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany |

⁸

Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany |

⁹

Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, USA |

¹⁰

HARVARD Medical school, Boston, USA |

¹¹

Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany |

¹²

Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland |

¹³

Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy |

¹⁴

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy |

¹⁵

The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany |

¹⁶

Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, La Jolla, USA |

¹⁷

Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA |

¹⁸

Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay |

¹⁹

Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv, Israel |

²⁰

The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA |

²¹

School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK |

²²

Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium |

²³

‘Physiology and Physiopathology of the Gliovascular Unit’ Research Group, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241 CNRS, Unité1050 INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France

Collège de France

Paris Sciences et Lettres

French Institute of Health and Medical Research

²⁴

Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland |

²⁵

Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA |

²⁶

UK Dementia Research Institute at the University College London, London, UK |

²⁷

UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK |

²⁸

Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy |

²⁹

Vollum Institute, OHSU, Portland, USA |

³⁰

Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA |

³¹

Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA |

³²

University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA |

³³

Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Science and Rigshospitalet, Kobenhavn N, Denmark |

³⁴

Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet & Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany |

³⁵

Synergy, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Munich, Germany |

³⁶

Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain

University of Malaga

Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga

³⁷

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain |

³⁸

Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA |

³⁹

Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany |

⁴⁰

Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany |

⁴¹

Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands |

⁴²

Laboratory of Glia Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium |

⁴³

Division of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan |

⁴⁴

Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA

Harvard University

Massachusetts General Hospital

⁴⁵

Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany |

⁴⁶

Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA |

⁴⁷

Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan |

⁴⁸

Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science 55, Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea |

⁴⁹

Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA |

⁵⁰

Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada |

⁵¹

Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia |

⁵²

Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Site de Cery, Prilly-Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland |

⁵³

Waisman Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA |

⁵⁴

Department of Neurology Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA |

⁵⁵

Departments of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neuroscience University of California, San Francisco, USA |

⁵⁶

Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada |

⁵⁷

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA |

⁵⁸

Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan |

⁵⁹

Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France

University of Bordeaux

French Institute of Health and Medical Research

⁶⁰

Life And Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal |

⁶¹

ICVS/3B’s -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal |

⁶²

IPCA-EST-2Ai, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Applied Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Campus of IPCA, Barcelos, Portugal |

⁶³

Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA |

⁶⁴

Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden |

⁶⁵

Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden |

⁶⁶

Inserm U1082, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France

French Institute of Health and Medical Research

University of Poitiers

⁶⁷

Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain |

⁶⁸

Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK |

⁶⁹

Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Des Neurosciences Cellulaires Et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France |

⁷⁰

Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, USA |

⁷¹

Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Associate Member, The Broad Institute, Boston, USA

Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard

Brigham and Women's Hospital

⁷²

Third Rock Ventures, Boston, USA |

⁷³

Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, School of Neuroscience Virginia Tech, Riverside Circle, Roanoke, USA |

⁷⁴

Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany |

⁷⁵

Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA |

⁷⁶

Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University Paris, Paris, France

Collège de France

Paris Sciences et Lettres

French Institute of Health and Medical Research

⁷⁷

Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia |

⁷⁸

Sechenov first moscow state medical university, Moscow, Russia |

⁷⁹

Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany |

⁸⁰

Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany |

⁸¹

Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience and Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer, Virginia Tech at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, USA |

⁸²

Dept. of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, USA |

⁸³

Dept. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Sevilla, Spain

Universidad de Sevilla

Institute of Biomedicine of Seville

Virgen del Rocío University Hospital

⁸⁴

Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, IDDRC, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA |

⁸⁵

George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA |

⁸⁶

The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA

University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

⁸⁷

Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla; VA San Diego Research Service, San Diego, USA |

⁸⁸

Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil |

⁸⁹

Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia |

⁹⁰

Celica Biomedical, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia |

⁹¹

Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA |

⁹²

Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK |

⁹³

Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain

Basque Foundation for Science

Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2021-02-15

Springer Nature

Nature Neuroscience

scimago Q1

wos Q1

SJR: 11.197

CiteScore: 35.4

Impact factor: 20.0

ISSN: 10976256, 15461726

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00783-4

Copy DOI

PubMed ID: 33589835

General Neuroscience

Abstract

Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, uncertainties and controversies remain regarding the contribution of reactive astrocytes to CNS diseases, repair, and aging. It is also unclear whether fixed categories of reactive astrocytes exist and, if so, how to identify them. We point out the shortcomings of binary divisions of reactive astrocytes into good-vs-bad, neurotoxic-vs-neuroprotective or A1-vs-A2. We advocate, instead, that research on reactive astrocytes include assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters—preferably in vivo—plus multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models. These guidelines may spur the discovery of astrocyte-based biomarkers as well as astrocyte-targeting therapies that abrogate detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, potentiate their neuro- and glioprotective actions, and restore or augment their homeostatic, modulatory, and defensive functions. Good–bad binary classifications fail to describe reactive astrocytes in CNS disorders. Here, 81 researchers reach consensus on widespread misconceptions and provide definitions and recommendations for future research on reactive astrocytes.

Found

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Ulasov Ilya

🤝

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María Ana

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Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

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Escartin C. et al. Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions // Nature Neuroscience. 2021. Vol. 24. No. 3. pp. 312-325.

GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy

Escartin C. et al. Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions // Nature Neuroscience. 2021. Vol. 24. No. 3. pp. 312-325.

RIS |

Cite this

RIS Copy

TY - JOUR

DO - 10.1038/s41593-020-00783-4

UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-00783-4

TI - Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions

T2 - Nature Neuroscience

AU - Escartin, Carole

AU - Galea, Elena

AU - Lakatos, A.

AU - O’Callaghan, James P.

AU - Petzold, G. C.

AU - Serrano-Pozo, Alberto

AU - Steinhäuser, Christian

AU - Volterra, A.

AU - Carmignoto, Giorgio

AU - Agarwal, Amit

AU - Allen, Nicola J.

AU - Araque, Alfonso

AU - Barbeito, Luis

AU - Barzilai, Ari

AU - Bergles, Dwight E.

AU - Bonvento, G.

AU - Butt, Arthur J.

AU - Chen, Wei-Ting

AU - Cohen Salmon, Martine

AU - Cunningham, Colm

AU - Deneen, Benjamin

AU - De Strooper, Bart

AU - Diaz Castro, Blanca

AU - Farina, C.

AU - Freeman, Marc

AU - Gallo, Vittorio

AU - Goldman, James E.

AU - Goldman, Steven A.

AU - Götz, Magdalena

AU - Gutierrez, Antonia

AU - Haydon, PG

AU - Heiland, Dieter Henrik

AU - Hol, E. M.

AU - Holt, Matthew G.

AU - IINO, Masamitsu

AU - Kastanenka, Ksenia V.

AU - Kettenmann, Helmut

AU - Khakh, Baljit S

AU - Koizumi, Schuichi

AU - Lee, C. Justin

AU - Liddelow, Shane A

AU - MacVicar, Brian A.

AU - Magistretti, Pierre

AU - Messing, Albee

AU - Mishra, Anusha

AU - Molofsky, Anna V

AU - Murai, Keith K.

AU - Norris, Christopher M.

AU - Okada, Seiji

AU - Oliet, Stéphane H.R.

AU - Oliveira, João Filipe

AU - Panatier, Aude

AU - Parpura, Vladimir

AU - Pekna, Marcela

AU - Pekny, Milos

AU - Pellerin, Luc

AU - Perea, Gertrudis

AU - Perez-Nievas, Beatriz G.

AU - Pfrieger, Frank W.

AU - Poskanzer, Kira E.

AU - Quintana, Francisco J.

AU - Ransohoff, Richard M.

AU - Riquelme Pérez, Miriam

AU - Robel, Stefanie

AU - Rose, Christine R.

AU - Rothstein, Jeffrey D.

AU - Rouach, Nathalie

AU - Rowitch, David

AU - Semyanov, Alexey

AU - Sirko, Swetlana

AU - Sontheimer, Harald

AU - Swanson, R. E.

AU - Vitorica, Javier

AU - Wanner, Ina-Beate

AU - Wood, Levi B.

AU - Wu, Jiaqian

AU - Zheng, Binhai

AU - Zimmer, Eduardo R.

AU - Zorec, Robert

AU - Sofroniew, Michael V.

AU - Verkhratsky, Alexei

PY - 2021

DA - 2021/02/15

PB - Springer Nature

SP - 312-325

IS - 3

VL - 24

PMID - 33589835

SN - 1097-6256

SN - 1546-1726

ER -

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BibTex (up to 50 authors) Copy

@article{2021_Escartin,

author = {Carole Escartin and Elena Galea and A. Lakatos and James P. O’Callaghan and G. C. Petzold and Alberto Serrano-Pozo and Christian Steinhäuser and A. Volterra and Giorgio Carmignoto and Amit Agarwal and Nicola J. Allen and Alfonso Araque and Luis Barbeito and Ari Barzilai and Dwight E. Bergles and G. Bonvento and Arthur J. Butt and Wei-Ting Chen and Martine Cohen Salmon and Colm Cunningham and Benjamin Deneen and Bart De Strooper and Blanca Diaz Castro and C. Farina and Marc Freeman and Vittorio Gallo and James E. Goldman and Steven A. Goldman and Magdalena Götz and Antonia Gutierrez and PG Haydon and Dieter Henrik Heiland and E. M. Hol and Matthew G. Holt and Masamitsu IINO and Ksenia V. Kastanenka and Helmut Kettenmann and Baljit S Khakh and Schuichi Koizumi and C. Justin Lee and Shane A Liddelow and Brian A. MacVicar and Pierre Magistretti and Albee Messing and Anusha Mishra and Anna V Molofsky and Keith K. Murai and Christopher M. Norris and Seiji Okada and Stéphane H.R. Oliet and others},

title = {Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions},

journal = {Nature Neuroscience},

year = {2021},

volume = {24},

publisher = {Springer Nature},

month = {feb},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-00783-4},

number = {3},

pages = {312--325},

doi = {10.1038/s41593-020-00783-4}

}

MLA

Cite this

MLA Copy

Escartin, Carole, et al. “Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions.” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 24, no. 3, Feb. 2021, pp. 312-325. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-00783-4.

Publisher

Springer Nature

Journal

Nature Neuroscience

scimago Q1

wos Q1

SJR

11.197

CiteScore

35.4

Impact factor

20.0

ISSN

10976256 (Print)

15461726 (Electronic)

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