Open Access

Nature Communications, volume 11, issue 1, publication number 103

Cascade surface modification of colloidal quantum dot inks enables efficient bulk homojunction photovoltaics

Min Jae Choi ¹

F. Pelayo García de Arquer ¹

Andrew H. Proppe ^{1, 2}

Ali Seifitokaldani ¹

Jongmin CHOI ¹

Junghwan Kim ¹

Se‐Woong Baek ¹

Mengxia Liu ¹

Bin Sun ¹

Margherita Biondi ¹

Benjamin Scheffel ¹

Grant Walters ¹

Dae-Hyun Nam ¹

Jea Woong Jo ¹

Olivier Ouellette ¹

Oleksandr Voznyy ¹

Sjoerd Hoogland ¹

Shana Kelley ^{2, 3}

Yeon Joo Jung ⁴

Edward H. Sargent ¹

Hide authors affiliations Show authors affiliations: 4 affiliations

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |

Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |

⁴

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2020-01-03

Springer Nature

Journal: Nature Communications

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor: 16.6

ISSN: 20411723, 20411723

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13437-2

Copy DOI

General Chemistry

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

General Physics and Astronomy

Abstract

Control over carrier type and doping levels in semiconductor materials is key for optoelectronic applications. In colloidal quantum dots (CQDs), these properties can be tuned by surface chemistry modification, but this has so far been accomplished at the expense of reduced surface passivation and compromised colloidal solubility; this has precluded the realization of advanced architectures such as CQD bulk homojunction solids. Here we introduce a cascade surface modification scheme that overcomes these limitations. This strategy provides control over doping and solubility and enables n-type and p-type CQD inks that are fully miscible in the same solvent with complete surface passivation. This enables the realization of homogeneous CQD bulk homojunction films that exhibit a 1.5 times increase in carrier diffusion length compared with the previous best CQD films. As a result, we demonstrate the highest power conversion efficiency (13.3%) reported among CQD solar cells. It is challenging to realize doping and surface passivation simultaneously in colloidal quantum dot inks. Here Choi et al. employ a cascade surface modification approach to solve the problem and obtain record high efficiency of 13.3% for bulk homojunction solar cells based on these inks.

By date By citations

Top-30

Citations by journals

	2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
ACS applied materials & interfaces	ACS applied materials & interfaces, 15, 7.69% ACS applied materials & interfaces 15 publications, 7.69%
ACS Energy Letters	ACS Energy Letters, 12, 6.15% ACS Energy Letters 12 publications, 6.15%
Advanced Materials	Advanced Materials, 10, 5.13% Advanced Materials 10 publications, 5.13%
Advanced Energy Materials	Advanced Energy Materials, 10, 5.13% Advanced Energy Materials 10 publications, 5.13%
Small	Small, 9, 4.62% Small 9 publications, 4.62%
Chemical Communications	Chemical Communications, 6, 3.08% Chemical Communications 6 publications, 3.08%
Advanced Functional Materials	Advanced Functional Materials, 5, 2.56% Advanced Functional Materials 5 publications, 2.56%
Advanced Science	Advanced Science, 5, 2.56% Advanced Science 5 publications, 2.56%
Chemistry of Materials	Chemistry of Materials, 4, 2.05% Chemistry of Materials 4 publications, 2.05%
Nanomaterials	Nanomaterials, 4, 2.05% Nanomaterials 4 publications, 2.05%
Solar Energy	Solar Energy, 4, 2.05% Solar Energy 4 publications, 2.05%
Advanced Optical Materials	Advanced Optical Materials, 4, 2.05% Advanced Optical Materials 4 publications, 2.05%
Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters	Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 4, 2.05% Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 4 publications, 2.05%
ACS Nano	ACS Nano, 4, 2.05% ACS Nano 4 publications, 2.05%
Journal of Materials Chemistry A	Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 4, 2.05% Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4 publications, 2.05%
Nano Letters	Nano Letters, 3, 1.54% Nano Letters 3 publications, 1.54%
Nano Research	Nano Research, 3, 1.54% Nano Research 3 publications, 1.54%
Solar RRL	Solar RRL, 3, 1.54% Solar RRL 3 publications, 1.54%
Journal of Physical Chemistry C	Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 3, 1.54% Journal of Physical Chemistry C 3 publications, 1.54%
Chemical Reviews	Chemical Reviews, 3, 1.54% Chemical Reviews 3 publications, 1.54%
ACS Applied Nano Materials	ACS Applied Nano Materials, 3, 1.54% ACS Applied Nano Materials 3 publications, 1.54%
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics	Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2, 1.03% Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 2 publications, 1.03%
Nature Communications	Nature Communications, 2, 1.03% Nature Communications 2 publications, 1.03%
InfoMat	InfoMat, 2, 1.03% InfoMat 2 publications, 1.03%
Energy Technology	Energy Technology, 2, 1.03% Energy Technology 2 publications, 1.03%
ACS Applied Energy Materials	ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2, 1.03% ACS Applied Energy Materials 2 publications, 1.03%
ACS Applied Electronic Materials	ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 2, 1.03% ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2 publications, 1.03%
Langmuir	Langmuir, 2, 1.03% Langmuir 2 publications, 1.03%
Nanoscale Horizons	Nanoscale Horizons, 2, 1.03% Nanoscale Horizons 2 publications, 1.03%
	2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Citations by publishers

	10 20 30 40 50 60 70
American Chemical Society (ACS)	American Chemical Society (ACS), 65, 33.33% American Chemical Society (ACS) 65 publications, 33.33%
Wiley	Wiley, 62, 31.79% Wiley 62 publications, 31.79%
Elsevier	Elsevier, 18, 9.23% Elsevier 18 publications, 9.23%
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 17, 8.72% Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 17 publications, 8.72%
Springer Nature	Springer Nature, 15, 7.69% Springer Nature 15 publications, 7.69%
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 7, 3.59% Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 7 publications, 3.59%
IOP Publishing	IOP Publishing, 3, 1.54% IOP Publishing 3 publications, 1.54%
Science in China Press	Science in China Press, 1, 0.51% Science in China Press 1 publication, 0.51%
Optical Society of America	Optical Society of America, 1, 0.51% Optical Society of America 1 publication, 0.51%
Technical Association of Photopolymers	Technical Association of Photopolymers, 1, 0.51% Technical Association of Photopolymers 1 publication, 0.51%
Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii	Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii, 1, 0.51% Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii 1 publication, 0.51%
	10 20 30 40 50 60 70

We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
Statistics recalculated weekly.

{"yearsCitations":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[0,0,0,0,0],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["","","","",""],"datasets":[{"label":"Citations number","data":[35,54,38,36,32],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":["17.95","27.69","19.49","18.46","16.41"],"barThickness":null}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"journals":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["ACS applied materials & interfaces","ACS Energy Letters","Advanced Materials","Advanced Energy Materials","Small","Chemical Communications","Advanced Functional Materials","Advanced Science","Chemistry of Materials","Nanomaterials","Solar Energy","Advanced Optical Materials","Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters","ACS Nano","Journal of Materials Chemistry A","Nano Letters","Nano Research","Solar RRL","Journal of Physical Chemistry C","Chemical Reviews","ACS Applied Nano Materials","Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","Nature Communications","InfoMat","Energy Technology","ACS Applied Energy Materials","ACS Applied Electronic Materials","Langmuir","Nanoscale Horizons"],"ids":[1458,9022,25159,22475,9872,9073,7715,4130,6428,10051,22255,2077,21963,8724,14919,10312,12211,25350,8859,13718,1600,20208,3231,25964,20046,6419,26454,19601,3623],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[15,12,10,10,9,6,5,5,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,3,3,3,3,3,3,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[7.69,6.15,5.13,5.13,4.62,3.08,2.56,2.56,2.05,2.05,2.05,2.05,2.05,2.05,2.05,1.54,1.54,1.54,1.54,1.54,1.54,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.03],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Journals","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"publishers":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["American Chemical Society (ACS)","Wiley","Elsevier","Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","Springer Nature","Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","IOP Publishing","Science in China Press","Optical Society of America","Technical Association of Photopolymers","Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii"],"ids":[40,11,17,123,8,202,2075,6481,375,388,9422],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/LsKy6OnmmmRGcAU6CZgWQvNiP1polbaSLNrN7zqj_medium.webp","","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bypZPcr6C4twKiQVCUCGc0GF4cH6aUWmpClD3hsH_medium.webp","","\/storage\/images\/resized\/9Mus3KG1Tkd7Bwaurt8H3RwWh0CxRlGoO6ng9UK1_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[65,62,18,17,15,7,3,1,1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[33.33,31.79,9.23,8.72,7.69,3.59,1.54,0.51,0.51,0.51,0.51],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Publishers","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartiles":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,1,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","0.51","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[1,0,0,0,0],"percentage":["0.51","0","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[1,4,3,2,0],"percentage":["0.51","2.05","1.54","1.03","0"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[32,48,32,31,30],"percentage":["16.41","24.62","16.41","15.9","15.38"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[1,1,3,3,2],"percentage":["0.51","0.51","1.54","1.54","1.03"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by SCImago per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartilesWs":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,2,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","1.03","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[3,0,1,2,0],"percentage":["1.54","0","0.51","1.03","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[3,13,4,5,7],"percentage":["1.54","6.67","2.05","2.56","3.59"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[28,37,29,26,23],"percentage":["14.36","18.97","14.87","13.33","11.79"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[1,2,4,3,2],"percentage":["0.51","1.03","2.05","1.54","1.03"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by WoS per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}}}

Are you a researcher?

Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.

Publication PDF

Metrics

Cite this

GOST |

Cite this

GOST Copy

Choi M. J. et al. Cascade surface modification of colloidal quantum dot inks enables efficient bulk homojunction photovoltaics // Nature Communications. 2020. Vol. 11. No. 1. 103

GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy

Choi M. J., Pelayo García de Arquer F., Proppe A. H., Seifitokaldani A., CHOI J., Kim J., Baek S., Liu M., Sun B., Biondi M., Scheffel B., Walters G., Nam D., Jo J. W., Ouellette O., Voznyy O., Hoogland S., Kelley S., Jung Y. J., Sargent E. H. Cascade surface modification of colloidal quantum dot inks enables efficient bulk homojunction photovoltaics // Nature Communications. 2020. Vol. 11. No. 1. 103

RIS |

Cite this

RIS Copy

TY - JOUR

DO - 10.1038/s41467-019-13437-2

UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13437-2

TI - Cascade surface modification of colloidal quantum dot inks enables efficient bulk homojunction photovoltaics

T2 - Nature Communications

AU - Choi, Min Jae

AU - Pelayo García de Arquer, F.

AU - Proppe, Andrew H.

AU - Seifitokaldani, Ali

AU - CHOI, Jongmin

AU - Kim, Junghwan

AU - Baek, Se‐Woong

AU - Liu, Mengxia

AU - Sun, Bin

AU - Biondi, Margherita

AU - Scheffel, Benjamin

AU - Walters, Grant

AU - Nam, Dae-Hyun

AU - Jo, Jea Woong

AU - Ouellette, Olivier

AU - Voznyy, Oleksandr

AU - Hoogland, Sjoerd

AU - Kelley, Shana

AU - Jung, Yeon Joo

AU - Sargent, Edward H.

PY - 2020

DA - 2020/01/03 00:00:00

PB - Springer Nature

IS - 1

VL - 11

SN - 2041-1723

ER -

BibTex

Cite this

BibTex Copy

@article{2020_Choi,

author = {Min Jae Choi and F. Pelayo García de Arquer and Andrew H. Proppe and Ali Seifitokaldani and Jongmin CHOI and Junghwan Kim and Se‐Woong Baek and Mengxia Liu and Bin Sun and Margherita Biondi and Benjamin Scheffel and Grant Walters and Dae-Hyun Nam and Jea Woong Jo and Olivier Ouellette and Oleksandr Voznyy and Sjoerd Hoogland and Shana Kelley and Yeon Joo Jung and Edward H. Sargent},

title = {Cascade surface modification of colloidal quantum dot inks enables efficient bulk homojunction photovoltaics},

journal = {Nature Communications},

year = {2020},

volume = {11},

publisher = {Springer Nature},

month = {jan},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13437-2},

number = {1},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-13437-2}

}

Found error?

Publisher

Springer Nature

Journal

Nature Communications

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor

16.6

ISSN

20411723 (Print)
20411723 (Electronic)