Nature

, том 598 , издание 7882 , страницы 634-640

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Pablo Librado ¹

NAVEED KHAN ^{1, 2}

Antoine Fages ¹

Mariya A Kusliy ^{1, 3}

Tomasz Suchan ^{1, 4}

Laure Tonasso Calvière ¹

Stéphanie Schiavinato ¹

Duha Alioglu ¹

Aurore Fromentier ¹

Aude Perdereau ⁵

Jean-Marc Aury ⁶

Charleen Gaunitz ¹

Lorelei Chauvey ¹

Andaine Seguin-Orlando ¹

Clio Der Sarkissian ¹

John Southon ⁷

Beth Shapiro ^{8, 9}

Alexey A Tishkin ¹⁰

Alexey Kovalev ¹¹

Saleh Alquraishi ¹²

Ahmed H. Alfarhan ¹²

K. A. S. Al-Rasheid ¹²

Timo Seregély ¹³

Lutz Klassen ¹⁴

Rune Iversen ¹⁵

Olivier Bignon-Lau ¹⁶

Pierre Bodu ¹⁶

Monique Olive ¹⁶

Jean-Christophe Castel ¹⁷

Myriam Boudadi Maligne ¹⁸

Nadir Alvarez ^{19, 20}

Mietje Germonpré ²¹

Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo ⁴

Jarosław Wilczyński ²²

Sylwia Pospuła ²²

Anna Lasota Kuś ²³

Krzysztof Tunia ²³

Marek Nowak ²⁴

Eve Rannamäe ²⁵

Urmas Saarma ²⁶

Gennady Boeskorov ²⁷

Lembi Lõugas ²⁸

René Kyselý ²⁹

Lubomír Peške ³⁰

Adrian Bălășescu ³¹

Valentin Dumitrascu ³¹

Roxana Dobrescu ³¹

Daniel Gerber ^{32, 33}

Viktória Kiss ³⁴

Anna Szécsényi-Nagy ³²

Balázs G Mende ³²

Zsolt Gallina ³⁵

Krisztina Somogyi ³⁶

Gabriella Kulcsár ³⁴

Erika Gál ³⁴

Robin Bendrey ³⁷

Morten E. Allentoft ^{38, 39}

Ghenadie Sirbu ⁴⁰

Valentin Dergachev ⁴¹

Henry Shephard ⁴²

Noémie Tomadini ⁴³

Sandrine Grouard ⁴³

Aleksei Kasparov ⁴⁴

Alexander E Basilyan ⁴⁵

Mikhail A Anisimov ⁴⁶

Pavel A Nikolskiy ⁴⁵

Elena Y Pavlova ⁴⁶

Vladimir Pitulko ⁴⁴

Gottfried Brem ⁴⁷

Barbara P. Wallner ⁴⁷

Christoph Schwall ⁴⁸

Marcel Keller ^{49, 50}

Keiko Kitagawa ^{51, 52, 53}

Alexander N Bessudnov ⁵⁴

Alexander A Bessudnov ⁴⁴

William Taylor ⁵⁵

Jérôme Magail ⁵⁶

Jamiyan Ombo Gantulga ⁵⁷

Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav ^{58, 59}

Diimaajav Erdenebaatar ⁶⁰

Kubatbeek Tabaldiev ⁶¹

Enkhbayar Mijiddorj ⁶⁰

BAZARTSEREN BOLDGIV ⁶²

Turbat Tsagaan ⁵⁷

Melanie Pruvost ¹⁸

Sandra Olsen ⁶³

Cheryl Makarewicz ^{64, 65}

Silvia Valenzuela Lamas ⁶⁶

Silvia Albizuri ⁶⁷

Ariadna Nieto Espinet ⁶⁸

Ma Pilar Iborra ⁶⁹

Jaime Lira Garrido ^{70, 71}

Esther Rodríguez González ⁷²

Sebastián Celestino ⁷²

Carmen Olària ⁷³

Juan Luis Arsuaga ^{71, 74}

Nadiia Kotova ⁷⁵

Alexander Pryor ⁷⁶

Pam Crabtree ⁷⁷

Rinat Zhumatayev ⁷⁸

Abdesh Toleubaev ⁷⁸

Nina L Morgunova ⁷⁹

Tatiana Kuznetsova ^{80, 81}

David Lordkipanize ^{82, 83}

Matilde Marzullo ⁸⁴

Ornella Prato ⁸⁴

Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni ⁸⁴

Umberto Tecchiati ⁸⁴

Benoit Clavel ⁴³

Sébastien Lepetz ⁴³

Hossein Davoudi ⁸⁵

Marjan Mashkour ^{43, 85}

Natalia Ya Berezina ⁸⁶

Philipp W. Stockhammer ^{87, 88}

Johannes Krause ^{50, 87}

Wolfgang Haak ^{50, 87, 89}

Arturo Morales-Muñiz ⁹⁰

Norbert Benecke ⁹¹

Michael Hofreiter ⁹²

ZUO-GANG PENG ^{93, 94}

Alexander S Graphodatsky ³

Joris Peters ^{95, 96}

Kirill Yu Kiryushin ¹⁰

Tumur Ochir Iderkhangai ⁶⁰

Nikolay A Bokovenko ⁴⁴

Sergey K Vasiliev ⁹⁷

Nikolai N Seregin ¹⁰

Konstantin V Chugunov ⁹⁸

Natalya A Plasteeva ⁹⁹

Gennady F. Baryshnikov ¹⁰⁰

Ekaterina Petrova ¹⁰¹

Mikhail V. Sablin ¹⁰⁰

Elina Ananyevskaya ¹⁰¹

Andrey Logvin ¹⁰²

Irina Shevnina ¹⁰²

Victor Logvin ¹⁰³

Aleksandr I Yudin ¹⁰³

Valeriy Loman ¹⁰⁴

Igor Kukushkin ¹⁰⁴

Ilya Merz ¹⁰⁵

Victor Merz ¹⁰⁵

Sergazy Sakenov ¹⁰⁶

Victor Varfolomeyev ¹⁰⁴

Emma Usmanova ¹⁰⁴

Viktor Zaibert ¹⁰⁷

Benjamin S. Arbuckle ¹⁰⁸

Andrey B Belinskiy ¹⁰⁹

Alexej Kalmykov ¹⁰⁹

Sabine Reinhold ⁹¹

Svend Hansen ⁹¹

Aleksandr I Yudin ¹¹⁰

Alekandr A Vybornov ¹¹¹

Andrey Epimakhov ^{112, 113}

Natalia S Berezina ¹¹⁴

Natalia Roslyakova ¹¹¹

Pavel A Kosintsev ^{99, 115}

Pavel F Kuznetsov ¹¹¹

David Anthony ^{116, 117}

Guus Kroonen ^{118, 119}

Kristian Kristiansen ^{120, 121}

Patrick Wincker ⁶

Alan K. Outram ⁷⁶

Ludovic Orlando ¹

Скрыть аффилиации авторов Показать аффилиации авторов: 121 аффилиация

Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France |

Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan |

Department of the Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia |

⁴

W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland |

⁵

Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat À L’Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France |

⁶

Génomique métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France |

⁷

Earth System Science Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA |

⁸

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA |

⁹

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA

Калифорнийский университет в Санта-Крузе

Медицинский институт Говарда Хьюза

¹⁰

Department of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia |

¹¹

Department of Archaeological Heritage Preservation, Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia |

¹²

Zoology department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |

¹³

Institute for Archaeology, Heritage Conservation Studies and Art History, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany |

¹⁴

Museum Østjylland, Randers, Denmark |

¹⁵

Saxo Institute, section of Archaeology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark |

¹⁶

ArScAn-UMR 7041, Equipe Ethnologie préhistorique, CNRS, MSH-Mondes, Nanterre Cedex, France |

¹⁷

Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Secteur des Vertébrés, Geneva, Switzerland |

¹⁸

UMR 5199 De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac Cedex, France |

¹⁹

Geneva Natural History Museum, Geneva, Switzerland |

²⁰

Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland |

²¹

OD Earth & History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium |

²²

Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland |

²³

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland |

²⁴

Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland |

²⁵

Department of Archaeology, Institute of History and Archaeology, Tartu, Estonia |

²⁶

Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia |

²⁷

Diamond and Precious Metals Geology Institute, SB RAS, Yakutsk, Russia |

²⁸

Archaeological Research Collection, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia |

²⁹

Department of Natural Sciences and Archaeometry, Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia |

³⁰

Prague, Czechia |

³¹

Vasile Pârvan Institute of Archaeology, Department of Bioarchaeology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania |

³²

Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary |

³³

Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary |

³⁴

Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary |

³⁵

Ásatárs Ltd., Kecskemét, Hungary |

³⁶

Rippl-Rónai Municipal Museum with Country Scope, Kaposvár, Hungary |

³⁷

School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Edinburgh, UK |

³⁸

Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia |

³⁹

Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark |

⁴⁰

Department of Academic Management, Academy of Science of Moldova, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova |

⁴¹

Center of Archaeology, Institute of Cultural Heritage, Academy of Science of Moldova, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova |

⁴²

Archaeological Institute of America, Boston, USA |

⁴³

Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique (AASPE), CP 56, Paris, France |

⁴⁴

Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences (IHMC RAS), St Petersburg, Russia |

⁴⁵

Geological institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia |

⁴⁶

Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St Petersburg, Russia |

⁴⁷

Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria |

⁴⁸

Department of Prehistory and Western Asian/Northeast African Archaeology, Austrian Archaeological Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria |

⁴⁹

Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia |

⁵⁰

Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany |

⁵¹

SFB 1070 Resource Cultures, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany |

⁵²

Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany |

⁵³

UMR 7194 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UPVD, Paris, France |

⁵⁴

Semenov-Tyan-Shanskii Lipetsk State Pedagogical University, Lipetsk, Russia |

⁵⁵

Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, USA |

⁵⁶

Musée d’Anthropologie préhistorique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco |

⁵⁷

Institute of Archaeology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |

⁵⁸

Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany |

⁵⁹

Chinggis Khaan Museum, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |

⁶⁰

Department of Archaeology, Ulaanbaatar State University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |

⁶¹

Department of History, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan |

⁶²

Department of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |

⁶³

Division of Archaeology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA |

⁶⁴

Institute for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany |

⁶⁵

ROOTS Excellence Cluster, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany |

⁶⁶

Archaeology of Social Dynamics, Institució Milà i Fontanals d’Humanitats, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IMF-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain |

⁶⁷

Departament d’Història i Arqueologia–SERP, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain |

⁶⁸

Grup d’Investigació Prehistòrica, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain |

⁶⁹

Valencia, Spain |

⁷⁰

Departamento de Medicina Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain |

⁷¹

Centro mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento humanos, Madrid, Spain |

⁷²

Instituto de Arqueología (CSIC–Junta de Extremadura), Mérida, Spain |

⁷³

Laboratori d’Arqueologia Prehistòrica, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain |

⁷⁴

Departamento De Geodinámica, Estratigrafía Y Paleontología, Facultad De Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense De Madrid, Madrid, Spain |

⁷⁵

Department of Eneolithic and Bronze Age, Institute of Archaeology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine |

⁷⁶

Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK |

⁷⁷

Center for the Study of Human Origins, Anthropology Department, New York University, New York, USA |

⁷⁸

Department of Archaeology, Ethnology and Museology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan |

⁷⁹

Scientific Research Department, Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russia |

⁸⁰

Department of Paleontology, Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia |

⁸¹

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia |

⁸²

Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi, Georgia |

⁸³

Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia |

⁸⁴

Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali e Ambientali, Milan, Italy |

⁸⁵

University of Tehran, Central Laboratory, Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Archaeozoology Section, Tehran, Iran |

⁸⁶

Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia |

⁸⁷

Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany |

⁸⁸

Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Munich, Germany |

⁸⁹

School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia |

⁹⁰

Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain |

⁹¹

Eurasia Department of the German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany |

⁹²

Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany |

⁹³

Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany |

⁹⁴

Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany |

⁹⁵

ArchaeoBioCenter and Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany |

⁹⁶

SNSB, State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Munich, Germany |

⁹⁷

ArchaeoZOOlogy in Siberia and Central Asia—ZooSCAn International Research Laboratory, Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia |

⁹⁸

Department of Eastern European and Siberian Archaeology, State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, Russia |

⁹⁹

Paleoecology Laboratory, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia |

¹⁰⁰

Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia |

¹⁰¹

Department of Archaeology, History Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania |

¹⁰²

Laboratory for Archaeological Research, Faculty of History and Law, Kostanay State University, Kostanay, Kazakhstan |

¹⁰³

Department of History and Archaeology, Surgut Governmental University, Surgut, Russia |

¹⁰⁴

Saryarka Archaeological Institute, Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan |

¹⁰⁵

Toraighyrov University, Joint Research Center for Archeological Studies, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan |

¹⁰⁶

Faculty of History, L. N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan |

¹⁰⁷

Institute of Archaeology and Steppe Civilizations, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan |

¹⁰⁸

Department of Anthropology, Alumni Building, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA |

¹⁰⁹

Nasledie Cultural Heritage Unit, Stavropol, Russia |

¹¹⁰

Research Center for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage, Saratov, Russia |

¹¹¹

Department of Russian History and Archaeology, Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia |

¹¹²

Russian and Foreign History Department, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia |

¹¹³

South Ural Department, Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia |

¹¹⁴

Archaeological School, Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, Cheboksary, Russia |

¹¹⁵

Department of History of the Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia |

¹¹⁶

Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA |

¹¹⁷

Anthropology Faculty, Hartwick College, NY, USA |

¹¹⁸

Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark |

¹¹⁹

Leiden University Center for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands |

¹²⁰

Department of Historical studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden |

¹²¹

Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark |

Тип публикации: Journal Article

Дата публикации: 2021-10-20

Springer Nature

Nature

scimago Q1

wos Q1

БС1

SJR: 18.288

CiteScore: 78.1

Impact factor: 48.5

ISSN: 00280836, 14764687

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04018-9

Скопировать DOI

PubMed ID: 34671162

Multidisciplinary

Краткое описание

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare¹. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling^2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc³. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia⁵ and Anatolia⁶, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association⁷ between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc^8,9 driving the spread of Indo-European languages¹⁰. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture^11,12.

Найдено

5 цитирований

Березина Наталия

к.б.н.

51 публикация, 1 042 цитирования, 3 рецензии

Индекс Хирша: 12

Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова

Области научных интересов

Биоархеология

Биологическиая антропология

Палеопатология

3 цитирования

Мюллер-Бинек Алдона

34 публикации, 417 цитирований, 3 рецензии

Индекс Хирша: 11

Варшавский университет

Области научных интересов

Биология

2 цитирования

Лозовская Ольга

29 публикаций, 329 цитирований, 2 рецензии

Индекс Хирша: 6

Институт истории материальной культуры РАН

Области научных интересов

Археология

1 цитирование

Алаева Ирина

31 публикация, 76 цитирований, 2 рецензии

Индекс Хирша: 6

Институт истории и археологии УрО РАН

1 цитирование

Клементьев Алексей

к.г.н.

62 публикации, 203 цитирования

Индекс Хирша: 8

Институт земной коры СО РАН

Тувинский государственный университет

Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН

Области научных интересов

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Librado P. et al. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes // Nature. 2021. Vol. 598. No. 7882. pp. 634-640.

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Librado P. et al. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes // Nature. 2021. Vol. 598. No. 7882. pp. 634-640.

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@article{2021_Librado,

author = {Pablo Librado and NAVEED KHAN and Antoine Fages and Mariya A Kusliy and Tomasz Suchan and Laure Tonasso Calvière and Stéphanie Schiavinato and Duha Alioglu and Aurore Fromentier and Aude Perdereau and Jean-Marc Aury and Charleen Gaunitz and Lorelei Chauvey and Andaine Seguin-Orlando and Clio Der Sarkissian and John Southon and Beth Shapiro and Alexey A Tishkin and Alexey Kovalev and Saleh Alquraishi and Ahmed H. Alfarhan and K. A. S. Al-Rasheid and Timo Seregély and Lutz Klassen and Rune Iversen and Olivier Bignon-Lau and Pierre Bodu and Monique Olive and Jean-Christophe Castel and Myriam Boudadi Maligne and Nadir Alvarez and Mietje Germonpré and Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo and Jarosław Wilczyński and Sylwia Pospuła and Anna Lasota Kuś and Krzysztof Tunia and Marek Nowak and Eve Rannamäe and Urmas Saarma and Gennady Boeskorov and Lembi Lõugas and René Kyselý and Lubomír Peške and Adrian Bălășescu and Valentin Dumitrascu and Roxana Dobrescu and Daniel Gerber and Viktória Kiss and Anna Szécsényi-Nagy and others},

title = {The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes},

journal = {Nature},

year = {2021},

volume = {598},

publisher = {Springer Nature},

month = {oct},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04018-9},

number = {7882},

pages = {634--640},

doi = {10.1038/s41586-021-04018-9}

}

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Librado, Pablo, et al. “The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes.” Nature, vol. 598, no. 7882, Oct. 2021, pp. 634-640. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04018-9.