Aliphatic Polyesters for Biomedical Purposes: Design and Kinetic Regularities of Degradation in vitro

This paper presents a brief review of the methods for creating and diagnosing materials based on aliphatic polyesters used to create temporary prostheses and dosage forms of prolonged action. After a review of polymeric materials used in biomedicine, the special role of aliphatic polyesters in achieving these goals is substantiated. The need for impregnating polymeric biomedical products with biologically active compounds and the main approaches currently used for this are described. Particular attention is paid to green supercritical fluid (SCF) technologies for the formation of porous scaffolds with simultaneous impregnation, which makes it possible to control the structure, size, connectivity of pores, and the distribution of dopants. The possibilities of EPR spectroscopy (spin probe method) are discussed, which make it possible to obtain unique data that characterize the structure of polymer matrices and the features of their degradation with the release of paramagnetic additives. Modern ideas about the mechanisms of degradation of aliphatic polyesters and the release of biologically active substances from them are presented. Mathematical approaches to modeling qualitatively different experimental curves of the release of low molecular weight substances from poly-D,L-lactide (PDLLA) films of different thicknesses are discussed.