EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis
Objective
To develop evidence-based recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc).
Methods
A task force comprising 7 rheumatologists, 15 other healthcare professionals and 3 patients was established. Following a systematic literature review performed to inform the recommendations, statements were formulated, discussed during online meetings and graded based on risk of bias assessment, level of evidence (LoE) and strength of recommendation (SoR; scale A–D, A comprising consistent LoE 1 studies, D comprising LoE 4 or inconsistent studies), following the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology standard operating procedure. Level of agreement (LoA; scale 0–10, 0 denoting complete disagreement, 10 denoting complete agreement) was determined for each statement through online voting.
Results
Four overarching principles and 12 recommendations were developed. These concerned common and disease-specific aspects of non-pharmacological management. SoR ranged from A to D. The mean LoA with the overarching principles and recommendations ranged from 8.4 to 9.7. Briefly, non-pharmacological management of SLE and SSc should be tailored, person-centred and participatory. It is not intended to preclude but rather complement pharmacotherapy. Patients should be offered education and support for physical exercise, smoking cessation and avoidance of cold exposure. Photoprotection and psychosocial interventions are important for SLE patients, while mouth and hand exercises are important in SSc.
Conclusions
The recommendations will guide healthcare professionals and patients towards a holistic and personalised management of SLE and SSc. Research and educational agendas were developed to address needs towards a higher evidence level, enhancement of clinician–patient communication and improved outcomes.
Top-30
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3 publications, 3.7%
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2 publications, 2.47%
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2 publications, 2.47%
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2 publications, 2.47%
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1 publication, 1.23%
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1 publication, 1.23%
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Journal of Clinical Rheumatology
1 publication, 1.23%
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1 publication, 1.23%
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences
1 publication, 1.23%
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1 publication, 1.23%
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BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine
1 publication, 1.23%
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1 publication, 1.23%
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Current Opinion in Rheumatology
1 publication, 1.23%
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation
1 publication, 1.23%
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Lupus
1 publication, 1.23%
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Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
1 publication, 1.23%
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Publishers
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20
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Springer Nature
20 publications, 24.69%
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Elsevier
13 publications, 16.05%
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BMJ
11 publications, 13.58%
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Oxford University Press
8 publications, 9.88%
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MDPI
6 publications, 7.41%
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Wiley
5 publications, 6.17%
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SAGE
5 publications, 6.17%
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Taylor & Francis
3 publications, 3.7%
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Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
2 publications, 2.47%
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Georg Thieme Verlag KG
2 publications, 2.47%
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IMR Press
1 publication, 1.23%
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OAE Publishing Inc.
1 publication, 1.23%
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Mediar Press
1 publication, 1.23%
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European Respiratory Society (ERS)
1 publication, 1.23%
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American Medical Association (AMA)
1 publication, 1.23%
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Frontiers Media S.A.
1 publication, 1.23%
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20
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- We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.