Open Access
Open access
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Journal of the American Heart Association
,  volume 14 ,  issue 5

Maternal Smoking Intensity During Pregnancy and Early Adolescent Cardiovascular Health

Mengjiao Liu 1, 2, 3, 4
, 
Elna Yihui Soon 5, 6
, 
Katherine Lange 7, 8, 9, 10
, 
Markus Juonala 11, 12, 13, 14
, 
Jessica A. Kerr 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16
, 
Richard S. Liu 7, 9
, 
Terence Dwyer 7, 9, 17, 18
, 
Melissa Wake 7, 8, 9, 10
, 
David Burgner 7, 8, 9, 10, 19, 20, 21, 22
, 
Ling‐Jun Li 6, 23, 24, 25, 26
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Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2025-03-04
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
scimago Q1
wos Q1
SJR: 2.189
CiteScore: 8.5
Impact factor: 5.3
ISSN: 20479980
Abstract
Background
The adverse cardiovascular effects of smoking are well established. We aimed to investigate the less well‐understood effects of pregnancy smoke exposure on offspring cardiovascular health in early adolescence.
Methods and Results
Data were drawn from the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children's Child Health CheckPoint. Mothers reported mean daily cigarettes smoked in each trimester (≤10 versus >10/day), and smoking cessation during pregnancy. Blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, carotid intima‐media thickness, and retinal microvascular parameters were measured in early adolescence (mean 11.5 years). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥120 or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg. 187 (11.8%) of 1582 women (mean age 30.7±0.2 years), smoked during pregnancy, of whom 143 (76.5%) smoked throughout pregnancy, and 58 (31.0%) smoked >10 cigarettes/day. Compared with those born to nonsmoking mothers, the odds of hypertension in early adolescence were 1.44 (95% CI, 1.01–2.06) if mothers ever smoked, 1.99 (1.22–3.24) if mothers smoked >10 cigarettes/day, and 1.64 (1.11–2.42) if mothers smoked throughout pregnancy There was limited evidence of associations between smoking throughout pregnancy and other cardiovascular measures. Offspring of mothers who stopped smoking during pregnancy and nonsmokers had similar cardiovascular measures, apart from hypertension.
Conclusions
Offspring of mothers who smoked in pregnancy have increased risks of hypertension in adolescence, with increased risk with greater exposure intensity and duration. Mothers who stopped smoking during pregnancy had offspring with similar cardiovascular health to those born to nonsmokers. Our findings underscore the importance of specific strategies to stop maternal smoking before conception and during pregnancy.
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GOST |
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GOST Copy
Liu M. et al. Maternal Smoking Intensity During Pregnancy and Early Adolescent Cardiovascular Health // Journal of the American Heart Association. 2025. Vol. 14. No. 5.
GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy
Liu M., Soon E. Y., Lange K., Juonala M., Kerr J. A., Liu R. S., Dwyer T., Wake M., Burgner D., Li L. Maternal Smoking Intensity During Pregnancy and Early Adolescent Cardiovascular Health // Journal of the American Heart Association. 2025. Vol. 14. No. 5.
RIS |
Cite this
RIS Copy
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1161/jaha.124.037806
UR - https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.037806
TI - Maternal Smoking Intensity During Pregnancy and Early Adolescent Cardiovascular Health
T2 - Journal of the American Heart Association
AU - Liu, Mengjiao
AU - Soon, Elna Yihui
AU - Lange, Katherine
AU - Juonala, Markus
AU - Kerr, Jessica A.
AU - Liu, Richard S.
AU - Dwyer, Terence
AU - Wake, Melissa
AU - Burgner, David
AU - Li, Ling‐Jun
PY - 2025
DA - 2025/03/04
PB - Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
IS - 5
VL - 14
SN - 2047-9980
ER -
BibTex
Cite this
BibTex (up to 50 authors) Copy
@article{2025_Liu,
author = {Mengjiao Liu and Elna Yihui Soon and Katherine Lange and Markus Juonala and Jessica A. Kerr and Richard S. Liu and Terence Dwyer and Melissa Wake and David Burgner and Ling‐Jun Li},
title = {Maternal Smoking Intensity During Pregnancy and Early Adolescent Cardiovascular Health},
journal = {Journal of the American Heart Association},
year = {2025},
volume = {14},
publisher = {Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)},
month = {mar},
url = {https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.037806},
number = {5},
doi = {10.1161/jaha.124.037806}
}
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