AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF GRAPE SEED OIL ON CHROMIUM-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY AND OXIDATIVESTRESS IN RATS
The current study focused on investigating the renoprotective effects of grape seed oil (GSO) against hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI))-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 40 male rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I served as the control group, group II received 1000 mg/L potassium dichromate (353.5 mg/L Cr(VI)) in drinking water for 12 weeks, group III received 3.7 g/kg body weight/day GSO orally for 12 weeks, and group IV received GSO together with potassium dichromate for 12 weeks. Cr(VI) significantly increased serum levels of urea, creatinine, potassium and glucose. In addition, Cr(VI) increased MDA levels and induced renal tissue damage and DNA damage. On the other hand, Cr(VI) decreased serum levels of sodium and antioxidant defence system [reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT)]. However, treatment with GSO prevented elevation levels of serum urea, creatinine, potassium and glucose. In addition, GSO enhanced sodium level, renal tissue antioxidant defense system due to its curative effect ameliorated particularly oxidative stress, renal tissue and DNA damage. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that GSO is a promising nephroprotective agent against Cr(VI)-induced nephrotoxicity.Key words: grape seed oil; hexavalent chromium; nephrotoxicity; DNA damage BLAŽILNI UÄŒINKI OLJA GROZDNIH PEÅ K PRI TOKSIÄŒNI OBREMENITVI LEDVIC TER VPLIV NA OKSIDATIVNI STRES PODGAN, POVZROÄŒEN S KROMOM Povzetek: Å tudija je bila osredotoÄena na prouÄevanje zaÅ¡Äitnih uÄinkov olja grozdnih peÅ¡k (GSO) pri toksiÄni obremenitvi ledvic, povzroÄeni s heksavalentnim kromom (Cr (VI)). Å tirideset samcev podgan je bilo nakljuÄno razdeljenih v Å¡tiri skupine: skupina I - kontrolna skupina, skupina II, ki je v pitni vodi 12 tednov prejemala 1000 mg/L kalijevega dikromata (353,5 mg/L Cr (VI)), skupina III, ki je peroralno 12 tednov prejemala 3,7 g/kg telesne mase/dan GSO ter skupina IV, ki je 12 tednov prejemala GSO skupaj s kalijevim dikromatom. Cr(VI) je znatno zviÅ¡al serumske ravni seÄnine, kreatinina, kalija in glukoze v serumu. Poleg tega je Cr(VI) zviÅ¡al raven MDA in povzroÄil poÅ¡kodbe ledviÄnega tkiva in poÅ¡kodbe DNK. Po drugi strani je Cr(VI) znižal serumsko raven natrija in antioksidativnega obrambnega sistema, zmanjÅ¡al raven glutationske peroksidaze in katalaze. Dodajanje GSO poskusnim živalim je prepreÄilo zviÅ¡anje ravni seÄnine v serumu, kreatinina, kalija, natrija in glukoze. Poleg tega je GSO izboljÅ¡al obrambni sistem antioksidantov ledviÄnega tkiva. Zaradi svojega zdravilnega uÄinka je izboljÅ¡al zlasti oksidativni stres, poÅ¡kodbe ledviÄnega tkiva in DNK. Rezultati kažejo, da je GSO obetavno zaÅ¡Äitno sredstvo za ledvica pri toksiÄni obremenitvi, povzroÄeni s Cr(VI).KljuÄne besede: olje grozdnih peÅ¡k; heksavalentni krom; nefrotoksiÄnost; poÅ¡kodba DNK
