Analysis of anesthetic protocols during cesarean section in dogs: a systematic review

There are many problems associated with uncontrolled artificial breeding of dogs, which lead to anatomical abnormalities. In the literature, there is a tendency for dog breeds to appear that have anatomical and physiological changes that lead to the development of pathological childbirth. In populations of breeds with a particularly high risk of dystocia, such as the English Bulldog, the frequency of planned cesarean sections can approach 80%, therefore it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the formation of anesthetic protocols. Thus, the survival rate of newborns and the state of the maternal body depend on this. Anesthesia protocols adopted for cesarean section should provide adequate muscle relaxation, anesthesia and anesthesia to ensure optimal working conditions. The use of opioid analgesics helps to ensure adequate pain control during cesarean section. One of the most commonly used opioids during this surgery in dogs is morphine. The dosage of morphine may vary depending on the size of the dog and the degree of pain. When performing a cesarean section, it is recommended to use drugs that do not cause neonatal depression. It is noted that epidural anesthesia reduces the need for intraoperative analgesics without causing severe neonatal depression. The main drugs that can be used in the preparation of an anesthesiological protocol during cesarean section are propofol, isoflurane, sevoflurane, lidocaine, morphine, fentanyl. The results of the analysis of the literature data showed the effectiveness of the use of drugs from different groups of medicines.