Gene Editing by Extracellular Vesicles
CRISPR/Cas technologies have advanced dramatically in recent years. Many different systems with new properties have been characterized and a plethora of hybrid CRISPR/Cas systems able to modify the epigenome, regulate transcription, and correct mutations in DNA and RNA have been devised. However, practical application of CRISPR/Cas systems is severely limited by the lack of effective delivery tools. In this review, recent advances in developing vehicles for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas in the form of ribonucleoprotein complexes are outlined. Most importantly, we emphasize the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for CRISPR/Cas delivery and describe their unique properties: biocompatibility, safety, capacity for rational design, and ability to cross biological barriers. Available molecular tools that enable loading of desired protein and/or RNA cargo into the vesicles in a controllable manner and shape the surface of EVs for targeted delivery into specific tissues (e.g., using targeting ligands, peptides, or nanobodies) are discussed. Opportunities for both endogenous (intracellular production of CRISPR/Cas) and exogenous (post-production) loading of EVs are presented.
Citations by journals
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Pharmaceutics
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Pharmaceutics
3 publications, 10%
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Molecular Biology
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Molecular Biology
2 publications, 6.67%
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Journal of Nanobiotechnology
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Journal of Nanobiotechnology
2 publications, 6.67%
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Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids
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Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids
2 publications, 6.67%
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Viruses
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Viruses
1 publication, 3.33%
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Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
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Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
1 publication, 3.33%
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Human Gene Therapy
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Human Gene Therapy
1 publication, 3.33%
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences
1 publication, 3.33%
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Biomedicines
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Biomedicines
1 publication, 3.33%
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Pharmaceuticals
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Pharmaceuticals
1 publication, 3.33%
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Cells
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Cells
1 publication, 3.33%
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Molecular Pharmaceutics
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Molecular Pharmaceutics
1 publication, 3.33%
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Frontiers in Genome Editing
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Frontiers in Genome Editing
1 publication, 3.33%
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Stem Cell Research and Therapy
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Stem Cell Research and Therapy
1 publication, 3.33%
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Cell Biology International
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Cell Biology International
1 publication, 3.33%
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Molecular Therapy
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Molecular Therapy
1 publication, 3.33%
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Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
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Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
1 publication, 3.33%
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Biotechnology Advances
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Biotechnology Advances
1 publication, 3.33%
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Reviews in Medical Virology
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Reviews in Medical Virology
1 publication, 3.33%
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Seminars in Cancer Biology
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Seminars in Cancer Biology
1 publication, 3.33%
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Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
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Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
1 publication, 3.33%
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Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
1 publication, 3.33%
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Citations by publishers
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
8 publications, 26.67%
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Elsevier
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Elsevier
7 publications, 23.33%
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Springer Nature
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Springer Nature
4 publications, 13.33%
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Mary Ann Liebert
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Mary Ann Liebert
2 publications, 6.67%
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Pleiades Publishing
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Pleiades Publishing
2 publications, 6.67%
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Wiley
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Wiley
2 publications, 6.67%
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American Chemical Society (ACS)
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American Chemical Society (ACS)
1 publication, 3.33%
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Frontiers Media S.A.
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Frontiers Media S.A.
1 publication, 3.33%
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- We do not take into account publications that without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.