Bioactivities, physicochemical parameters and GC/MS profiling of the fixed oil of Cucumis melo L seeds: A focus on anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities

Abdel Raoof G.F., Mourad R.M., Nagy H.M.

ABSTRACTThe current research was undertaken to investigate the effect of fixed oils of Linum usitatissimum L. (flaxseed), Sesamum indicum L. (sesame), and Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seeds on the chemical profile and weight of the peritoneal fat of rats fed normal (10% fat) or high‐fat diet (HFD) (20% fat). Additionally, to analyze the phytoconstituents of these fixed oils, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied to analyze the experimental oils and the peritoneal fats. Our results revealed a remarkable effect of the experimental oils on the fatty acid profile of peritoneal fat in groups fed on HFD; they limited the increase in saturated fatty acids. Moreover, adding these oils to HFD limited the increase in body weight and decreased the percentage of peritoneal fat. In addition, oleic acid was the major fatty acid in sesame and flaxseed oils (44.2% and 33.69%, respectively). However, linolenic acid was represented as a major fatty acid in chia oil (50.69%). So, we can conclude that sesame, flaxseed, and chia oils can be used as a healthy oil source in food due to their nutritional benefits and remarkable role in controlling the adverse effect of HFD on the quantity and quality of peritoneal fat.

Elbasiony A., Alkhaldi H., Ghobashy M.M., Madani M., Ghoneim A.I., Al-Gahtany S.A., Shaban M., Alharthi S., AlGhamdi H.A., AlZahrani Y.M., Alharthi S., Al-Shaalan N.H., Darwesh R., Boraie W.E., Attia M.S., et. al.

This study investigates the magnetic, thermal, and electrical properties of Co0.72Sr0.07Ni0.21Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles under different conditions, including as-prepared, irradiated (at a dose of 100 kGy in CO2 atmosphere), and aged (at 1000°C). The magnetic properties are analyzed using M-H loops, revealing that the aged sample exhibits the highest magnetization values. The observed decrease in magnetization after irradiation and increase after aging is consistent due to the presence of a new phase (γ-FeOOH) in the irradiated sample that XRD confirms. Electrical conductivity measurements demonstrate that the aging sample exhibits the highest electrical conductivity due to increased grain boundaries, while the irradiated sample shows increased conductivity attributed to oxygen vacancies. As well as the nanocomposite of PVP and Co0.72Sr0.07Ni0.21Fe2O4 nanoparticles aged (at 1000°C) is found to be effective in degrading the Toluidine Blue (TB) dye through catalytic oxidation and photodegradation mechanisms. The catalytic degradation of TB dye provides valuable insights into the potential application of these ferrite nanoparticles in environmental remediation and wastewater treatment. Also, nanocomposite demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic bacterial strains commonly found in contaminated water, with superior effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting its potential as an effective water treatment agent. The novelty and the aims are to analyze the changes in magnetization and conductivity of the nanoparticles under different conditions, including as-prepared, irradiated, and aged samples. Additionally, the catalytic efficiency of the aged nanoparticles in degrading Toluidine Blue (TB) dye is examined, providing insights into their potential application in environmental remediation and wastewater treatment.

Abdel Raoof G.F., Abuaish M.A., M. El-Masry H.

AbstractThe current study intends to reach the optimal use of plant wastes and explore their biological activities. It evaluated the bioactivities and phytoconstituents of 70 %methanol extract of Vicia faba L. peels. The results revealed that the extract possessed very potent cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV‐3) (IC50=0.01 μg/mL) which exceeds doxorubicin (IC50=0.95 μg/ml), a reference anticancer agent, potent cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cell line (PC‐3) (IC50=13.60 μg/ml), and moderate cytotoxicity against liver cancer cell line (HepG2) (IC50=40.9 μg/ml). Furthermore, the extract exhibited a potent antimicrobial effect on the tested gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis& Micrococcus luteus) with inhibition zone (IZ) range (14.0–23.0 mm), gram‐negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) (IZ=14.0 mm), and pathogenic fungal yeast (Candida albicans) (IZ=19.0 mm). Moreover, 46 phytoconstituents were tentatively identified using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) hyphenated with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (QTOF‐MS) in positive ionization mode, 21 phytoconstituents were detected in Vicia faba peel for the first time. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify phenolic compounds, the major compounds were chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, catechin, and vanillin. In conclusion, plant wastes are a rich source of phytoconstituents that exhibit biological efficacy.

Sobh R., Magar H., Fahim A., El‐Masry H., Hashem M. .

ABSTRACTThe design of super‐antimicrobially active multipurpose nanocarriers as polymeric nanocomposites embedded with metal oxides with sustained drug release is beneficial in medical treatment for controlling inflammation and targeting a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Brilliant metal oxide nanoparticles (MOx) involving selenium dioxide, titanium dioxide, and vanadium pentoxide were well prepared in good yields, and their morphologies and structures were specified. Then they were embedded in copolymeric nanocomposites through in situ microemulsion polymerization of (E)‐2‐cyano‐N‐cyclohexyl‐3‐(dimethylamino)acrylamide (CHAA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and acrylic acid (AA). In addition, ibuprofen was then loaded into the synthesized polymers and their nanocomposites to achieve high drug entrapment efficiency EE%, and its release behavior was studied in various simulated fluids. The produced drug‐loaded polymers and their nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Well‐defined nanospheres of polymeric‐metal oxide nanocomposites were generated in a size range of 50 nm, with ibuprofen loaded at a high encapsulation efficiency of approximately 97%. In vitro drug release was inspected for the polymer and its nanocomposites revealing that the presence of metal oxide nanoparticles resulted in prolonged and sustained release behavior for wound dressing. The antimicrobial study based on the zone of inhibition against various pathogenic microorganisms showed excellent activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, and Candida albicans. These findings validate the potential of these nanocomposites to serve as a viable upcoming antimicrobial agent for the treatment of human ailments.

Bharathi J.K., Samy Prakash M.A.

K L.

Cucurbitaceae includes Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis var conomon (Kani Vellari). Study of phytochemical profile of white foamy soapy substance was carried out, using HR-LCMS. The compound structure, peak list, and details of projecting components were examined by QTOF MS-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer investigation. Prominent constituent analysis (PCA) of the investigative data of 1µl of the loaded sample included 14.96 ppm of tyrosyl glutamate and 14.62 ppm of hydrocortisone cypionate. Accurate mass Q-TOF/MS and IRM calibration identified 50 more compounds. It comprises phenyl butyryl glutamine, sorbose, norethynodrel, and pyrethrin. Methotrimeprazine, D-Pipecolic acid, 2-Octyl-4-propylthiazole, Methyprylon, Tranexamic acid, and Isopentenyladenine. In traditional Indian medicine, it is consumed as a vegetable. It has rich source of bioactive substances.

Ibrahim N.A., Zaher A.R., El-Hennawi H.M.

Abstract Background In this research, a brewer’s yeast suspension was used to biotreat raw linen fibers under a range of different circumstances utilizing an ultrasonic cleaner device. In order to optimize circumstances for the treatment process, this extensive work is focused on examining the variables that could affect the biotreatment, such as the amount of brewer’s yeast used, the duration, the temperature of the treatment, and the pH throughout the treatment. After enzymatic treatment, the printing process utilizing turmeric natural dye was used. Variable assesses were conducted to determine the steaming time, thermofixation time, pH of the printing paste, types of dyes, and types of fabrics. How these elements affected the wettability and fabric color strength is investigated. To better comprehend, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of treated and untreated linen samples. The effects of treating the fibers with yeast enzyme on their multifunctional qualities, such as color and antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcusaureus and gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, were assessed. Results Results demonstrated that the enzyme extract, which predominantly contains lipase, amylase, and protease enzymes that develop the fabric printability, is responsible for the increase of color strength which increased by about 152.27% with good fastness properties compared by the untreated printed samples. Conclusions The overall findings showed that the treated fabrics have superior color fastness and antibacterial properties when compared to the untreated fabrics, demonstrating that the procedure of production used to create these multifunctional linen fabrics is environmentally friendly.

Nazneen Showkat W., Khan N., Jamila N., Nishan U., Athar Ud Din Q., Iqbal Z., Choi J.Y., Kim K.S.

Nelson V.K., Nuli M.V., Ausali S., Gupta S., Sanga V., Mishra R., Jaini P.K., Madhuri Kallam S.D., Sudhan H.H., Mayasa V., Abomughaid M.M., Almutary A.G., Pullaiah C.P., Mitta R., Jha N.K.

Bovine mastitis (BM) is the most common bacterial mediated inflammatory disease in the dairy cattle that causes huge economic loss to the dairy industry due to decreased milk quality and quantity. Milk is the essential food in the human diet, and rich in crucial nutrients that helps in lowering the risk of diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The main causative agents of the disease include various gram negative, and positive bacteria, along with other risk factors such as udder shape, age, genetic, and environmental factors also contributes much for the disease. Currently, antibiotics, immunotherapy, probiotics, dry cow, and lactation therapy are commonly recommended for BM. However, these treatments can only decrease the rise of new cases but can't eliminate the causative agents, and they also exhibit several limitations. Hence, there is an urgent need of a potential source that can generate a typical and ideal treatment to overcome the limitations and eliminate the pathogens. Among the various sources, medicinal plants and its derived products always play a significant role in drug discovery against several diseases. In addition, they are also known for its low toxicity and minimum resistance features. Therefore, plants and its compounds that possess anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties can serve better in bovine mastitis. In addition, the plants that are serving as a food source and possessing pharmacological properties can act even better in bovine mastitis. Hence, in this evidence-based study, we particularly review the dietary medicinal plants and derived products that are proven for anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. Moreover, the role of each dietary plant and its compounds along with possible role in the management of bovine mastitis are delineated. In this way, this article serves as a standalone source for the researchers working in this area to help in the management of BM.

Abd-Elghany A., Ramadan M.A., El-Wakeel S.T., AlOmari A.K., Mohamad E.A.

Abstract Heavy metals and pathogens from contaminated water sources may undoubtedly be removed by creating an efficient bio-adsorbent based on functional spots. Thus, the goal of this work was to produce chitosan (Ch)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) biofilm decorated with graphene oxide (GO) sheets doped with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The nanostructure of prepared GO/Ag nanosheets is examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The fabricated film (GO/Ag Ch-PVA) is compared by the control films (Ch, PVA and Ch-PVA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile strength are used to study the films' structure. Also, the antimicrobial activity was assessed for the films. After doping the polymer matrix with GO/Ag, the obtained findings were compared to other control films, and it was discovered that the tensile strength increased to about 46.18 MPa. 
Moreover, the adsorption experiment for arsenic As (III) ions is explored by the prepared film at different operating conditions. The obtained results validated the enhanced adsorption ability of the GO/Ag Ch-PVA film towards As (III) with the highest adsorption capacity of 54.3 mg/g obtained from the isotherm model of Langmuir. Moreover, kinetic mathematical models for the adsorption effectiveness of GO/Ag Ch-PVA film are proposed. The results gathered demonstrated that GO/Ag Ch-PVA film is a potentially useful material for eliminating As (III) and microbial strains from essential water resource applications. 

Fayad A.M., Abdel-Baki M., El-Bassyouni G.T., Farag M.M., M.Ahmed M.

In this study, high valence MoO3 was added to bioactive glass based on (50-x) P2O5 - 20 B2O3 – 20 CaO - 10 Na2O (x = 0, 5, 10–15 mol. %; the corresponding samples encoded as 0-Mo, 5-Mo, 10-Mo, and 15-Mo) to modify its physical, biodegradation, drug delivery properties. The glasses were prepared via melt-quenching process. The obtained glasses were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, SEM, Raman, and zeta potential (-42, - 31.8, - 34.5, and - 26.4 mV for 0-Mo, 5-Mo, 10-Mo, and 15-Mo, respectively). The in vitro bioactivity and biodegradation were examined in the simulated body fluid (SBF). The glasses were checked for ability for drug delivery by using ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic as a drug model to attain an anticipated therapeutic response to avoid infections, and the drug release kinetic was studied by fitting the release data with Higuchi and Hixon-Crowell models. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the glasses conjugated with drug and drug-free glasses was tested against gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (Escherchia coli) and Pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans). The results showed that the glasses were characterized by amorphous structure, and it showed a good bioactivity after immersion in SBF. Moreover, the results presented that addition of molybdenum increased the degradation rate of the glasses and affected their surface charge to less negative. In addition, it increased the drug loading efficiency and drug release rate, where 11.2 %, 56.9 %, 75.4 %, and 83.6 % of the drug released from 0-Mo, 5-Mo, 10-Mo, and 15-Mo, respectively, at the end of incubation time. The drug release occurred by combined diffusion and dissolution mechanism. Finally, antibacterial activity showed that drug-free glasses possessed antibacterial activity against the bacterial, meanwhile the antibacterial activity increased by loading CIP on the glass particles. In conclusion, different physical properties, as well as biodegradation and drug release can be tailored by addition of molybdenum. On the other hand, the prepared glasses are expected to be used successfully as multifunctional bone grafting materials.

Reffaee A., Saied M., hamieda S.F., Amin S.K.

AbstractThe design cement mix of grade 350 was created in accordance with Egyptian Standards by partially substituting the fine aggregate with WPVC waste in various weight percentages (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, and 100%). A control mix with 0% replacement was also prepared. The W/C ratio was about 0.5 for all mixes. Compressive, flexure strength, bulk density, and absorption tests were studied. For WPVC replacement, until 30%, compressive strength and flexure strength are acceptable with respect to standerds. Thermal treatment at 200 °C improves the compressive strength, flexure strength and water absorption for 20% WPVC only. The dielectric properties of all cement paste mixes before and after heat treatment, over a frequency range (0.1–106 Hz), were measured as a function of frequency. For dielectric properties and conductivity, an improvement was obtained until 30% WPVC. After this percentage, the dielectric properties and the conductivity got worse. So, cement paste with 30% WPVC as replacement of sand is the optimum ratio with conductivity in range of 10−12 S/cm, which is a good choice for antistatic cement paste applications (10−10–10−12 S/cm). The antimicrobial efficacy of the prepared cement samples of WPVC concentrations (0, 20 and 30) % were studied, the number of grown microbial colonies decreased for all the samples compared to control tap water and decreased by introducing WPVC into the cement paste sample. So, it is recommended to use these samples in places that should be carefully shielded from bacterial infections and static electric charge dangers.

Ahmed M.M., Omar A.E., Zayed H.S., Moaness M.

AbstractZn-MOF/bioactive glass nanoparticles were successfully prepared using quick–alkali-modified sol–gel and tested for gentamicin drug delivery. Samples of 0 and 0.8 mol% Zn MOF contents (BG and BG/Zn MOF, respectively) were characterized using XRD, FTIR, TEM, and SEM/EDX. In addition, zeta characteristics and surface area parameters were also evaluated. Moreover, the cell viability of the prepared samples was tested against the osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line to evaluate the ability of prepared samples for bone regeneration. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of glass samples with and without antibiotics was determined against different microorganisms. Finally, the samples were loaded with gentamicin drug, and drug release profile and kinetics were studied too. XRD and FTIR results confirmed the physicochemical properties of the prepared samples. TEM results showed that particles were in the nano-sized range in both samples; however, the presence of Zn MOF increased the dispersity of particles. Both samples were bioactive, as indicated by hydroxyapatite formation on their surfaces. Cytotoxicity estimation of prepared materials exhibited their safe and nontoxic nature. BG/Zn MOF sample demonstrated prolonged drug release and excellent antimicrobial activity in comparison to BG alone. Therefore, the present study provides promising preliminary results regarding the usage of BG/Zn MOF nanoparticles loaded with gentamicin as an effective approach for bone regeneration. Graphical Abstract

El-Gendy D.M., Maafa I.M., Zouli N., Abutaleb A., Yousef A.

The capacitive deionization (CDI) technique is considered a promising eco-friendly desalination method due to its high energy efficiency, ease of operation, and simplistic electrode regeneration capability. Thus, significant research is focused on developing highly efficient electrode materials with high electrochemical stability and salt electro-adsorption capacity (Sc) behavior during operation because these are the governing factors in examining the measured activity of fabricated CDI cells. In this manuscript, we report the synthesis of hydrogenated titanium nanotubes@spongy activated carbon (HTiO2 NTs@SAC) using pyrolysis and hydrothermal processes. The SAC is synthesized by the pyrolysis of spongy loofa in an inert atmosphere and further hydrothermally activating it in an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. The hydrothermal process activates and enhances the hydrophilicity of SAC. HTiO2 is synthesized electrochemically at 20 V in 0.1 M perchloric acid. Such HTiO2 NTs@SAC configuration can provide excellent pathways to increase ion adsorption and improve the kinetics of charge transfer by enhancing the contact between the electrolyte and electrode at the interface. It is found that HTiO2 NTs@SAC has a specific capacitance (Cs) of 385.7 F g−1 compared with 332.7 F g−1 for SAC. The salt electrosorption capacity (Sc) of HTiO2 NTs@SAC electrode material is found to be 24.90 mg g−1 in 250 μS cm−1 saline solution at 1.2 V, which is much higher than the values obtained for SAC (9.8 mg g−1). HTiO2 NTs@SAC has also shown an antimicrobial effect toward gram-negative bacteria and exhibited good performance in the supercapacitor application, wherein HTiO2 NTs@SAC showed a higher Cs (505.55 F g−1) than SAC (380 F g−1) at 1 A g−1. Thus, we demonstrate that the prepared composite can be used as an energy storage material, an antibacterial material, and a CDI electrode in the CDI technology.

Shalaby S.E., Al-Balakocy N.G., Elshakankery M.H., Beliakova M.K.

One of the ultimate goals of this article is to produce antimicrobial polyester nonwoven fabrics on industrial scale. Therefore, the adaptation and development of pilot conditions for imparting polyester textile materials antimicrobial properties is highly needed. This will pave the way for establishment a technological package for the production of antimicrobial polyester nonwoven fabrics on industrial scale. The effect of semi-industrial scale treatment conditions, mainly antimicrobial substrate (AS) concentration, duration, and temperature on the (%) colony forming unit (CFU) reduction after treatment with aqueous solutions of AS was examined. The antimicrobial activity of treated with AS fibers against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans was investigated using the shake flask method. All PET fibers bounded with AS showed outstanding antimicrobial activities against the previously mentioned three microorganisms. In fact the % of CFU reduction for all PET samples were significant, whereas it was null for the parent fibers.