Il Nuovo Cimento

Zavalin A.A., Nyambose J., Chernova L.S.

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of various doses of nitrogen fertilizers and biological products on the functioning of the agroecosystem of spring wheat on dark gray forest soil. The work was performed in two tabs of the micropole experiment in 2020–2021, the scheme of which assumed the study of the following options: N45Р45К45 (background), background + Extrasol based on strain H-13 (standard), background + endophytic strain V 167, background + endophytic strain 417, N90Р45К45. When applying N45 and N90 against the background of PK, plants consume 46 and 42 % of labeled fertilizer to form a crop, respectively. When using biologics against the background of N45, the use of N-fertilizer reaches 51…53 %. 33…36 % of the applied dose of 1⁵N is fixed in the soil, when using biologics, the value of this indicator decreases to 30 %. When adding ammonium nitrate, 33…36 % of 1⁵N is lost, and when using biological products, losses are reduced to 16…18 %. The use of biological preparations for seed inoculation leads to the fact that after harvesting spring wheat, there is less mineral nitrogen in the soil by 0.47…0.51 g/m2, which indicates its best use by plants. According to the criterion of the ratio of reimobilized nitrogen to mobilized nitrogen (RI: M = 25…31 %) the agrocenosis of spring wheat, when applying nitrogen fertilizer and inoculating seeds with biologics, functions in resistance mode and the level of exposure is estimated as the maximum permissible. According to the rationing criterion, which is estimated in relation to the ratio of net mineralized nitrogen to reimobilized (NM: M = 2.24…2.98), the agrocenosis of spring wheat is in stress or resistance mode. The use of an endophytic biopreparation based on the V 417 strain leads to the fact that the agrocenosis of spring wheat functions in resistance mode at the maximum permissible level of exposure.

Mironov D.A., Lamm A.K., Rasulov R.K.

One of the technologies for increasing the service life of working bodies is applying a hardening layer with a material that is more resistant to wear. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the selective laser sintering (SLS) method for hardening soil-cultivating working bodies. The plasma-powder surfacing method was considered as a comparison option. The studies were conducted on a circular soil test bench, which was a rotor with racks rotating in a cylinder filled with an abrasive medium for rapid surface wear, on which samples were attached. Four experimental samples made of 30KhGSA steel were studied. The dimensions of the hardening layer were determined by calculation. After that, it was applied with P6M5 metal powder using the SLS method to 2 samples, one was hardened before heat treatment, the second after. Similarly, but using FBH-6-2 powder, 2 samples were made using plasma-powder surfacing. The bench test duration was 152 h. The linear wear of the samples when hardened by the SLS method before heat treatment was 1.3 mm, after heat treatment – 0.83 mm, by the plasma method – 1.1 mm and 1.2 mm, respectively. The hardness values that stand out from the others, with the SLS method are observed in the hardening layer zone: the sample before heat treatment is 65 HRC, after it – 73 HRC. With the plasma method, the difference in hardness is observed in the zone near the hardening layer: before heat treatment – 45 HRC, after – 35 HRC. The use of the selective laser sintering method for hardening the blade part of the experimental samples ensured a decrease in the consumption of metal powder, in comparison with the plasma method, by 32 %, an increase in wear resistance of the samples according to the calculated data – by 26 %, on the circular soil stand – by 24 %.

Novikov A.A., Rodin K.A., Melnik S.V., Kazhgaliev A.S.

The research was carried out in order to compare the effect of various plant protection systems on the quantitative composition of soil micromycetes when growing potatoes in irrigated of the Lower Volga region. The work was carried out in 2021–2023 in the Volgograd region on light chestnut heavy loamy soils under irrigation by sprinkling in Gulliver cultivar plantings. The degree of infection of potato tubers was assessed on three variants of protection systems: I – biological; II – chemical (control); III – integrated. The experience was laid out in three–fold repetition, the accounting area of the plot was 294 m2. In the pre-sowing soil samples, the number of saprophytic myrcomycetes was 71.93…91.8 %, among which the most common were fungi of the genus Penicillinum sp. (33.6…44.2 thousand CFU/g), and the rest are represented by fungi of the genus Thrichoderma sp. (0…2.5 thousand CFU/g), Aspergillus sp. (1,24…19,7 thousand CFU/g), and Rhizopus sp. (0…8.1 thousand CFU/g). Representatives of the genus Fusarium sp. are noted among the pathogens. (5,8…9,92 thousand CFU/g). A higher percentage of saprophytic (Penicillinum sp., Thrichoderma sp.) was observed in soil samples after the use of biological agents. Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp.) of micromycetes (73.9 %) than after the use of chemicals (61 %) and an integrated system (59.6 %). Thus, representatives of the genus Penicillinum sp. were 15.6 % more than with the use of chemicals, Thrichoderma sp. by 70 %, Aspergillus sp. by 77.8 %. The number of pathogenic micromycetes (Fusarium sp.) in soil samples after the use of biological compounds was 26.1 %, chemical compounds 38.9 %, integrated system 40.3 %. Thus, the use of biological protective agents in potato cultivation in the conditions of the Lower Volga region during irrigation contributes to an increase in saprophytivity and a decrease in the pathogenicity of soil microflora and is a promising technique.

Mushtakov A.G., Markova E.B., Kurochkin A.V., Anistratov N.A., Zaytsev Y.M., Guseva E.A., Skvortsova L.G., Cherednichenko A.G., Glinushkin A.P.

Pollution of soils and water sources with heavy metals leads to negative consequences for the environment associated with disruption of ecosystem balance, harm to the health of living organisms and humans. To solve this problem, organometallic frame sorbents capable of efficiently extracting heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions have been synthesized. During the conducted research, the regularities of the adsorption of cadmium, lead, copper, cobalt and nickel ions were studied using synthesized frame sorbents based on benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylates (MBTC) and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylates (MBDC). The identification analysis performed on diffractograms of CoBTC and NiBTC powders showed the presence of structures [Co3(BTC)2·12H2O] and [Ni3(BTC)2·12H2O]. Unlike NiBTC, NiBDC dicarboxylate crystallizes in triclinic syngony (spatial group P1¯, Z = 1) and corresponds to the crystal structure [Ni3(OH)2(BDC)2··4H2O], the sample of the CuBTC compound crystallizes in cubic symmetry with the space group Fm3¯m (Z = 16) and corresponds to the crystal structure [Cu3(BTC)2·3H2O], and the CuBDC compound has a structure belonging to the monoclinic symmetry. The results of the analysis of isotherms of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption using synthesized MOFs made it possible to determine important textural characteristics of sorbents. It was noted that a strong adsorbate-adsorbent interaction is realized for CoBTC in the micropore region. It is shown that the specific surface area of synthesized sorbents, calculated by the Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, varies widely. Thus, for CoBTC and NiBTC compounds, it was 276.0 and 9.0 m2/g, respectively. The noted differences are due to the presence of a large number of micropores in the sorbent CoBTC. In most cases, the kinetic patterns of the adsorption of heavy metal ions can be described by a pseudo-second-order equation. The only example of the process proceeding according to the kinetic equation of the pseudo-first order is the adsorption of copper ions on the NiBDC sorbent. It is noted that cobalt, nickel and copper ions are better absorbed by sorbents containing the corresponding ions of the same name according to the Paneta-Faience rule. The linear relationship found between the sorption capacity and the logarithm of the ratio of the radius of ions to their electronegativity implies that the mechanism of adsorption of metal ions on MOFs is determined by the physicochemical properties of the ions themselves. The developed organometallic frame compounds can be effectively used in technologies for purification of water resources from toxic heavy metal ions.

Zavrazhnov A.A., Zavrazhnov A.I.

The article presents a new technological direction – «tractor-free agriculture». Its advantages are proved and the attributes that translate this technological direction into the category of intersectoral end-to-end technology are determined. The paradigm of «tractor-free farming» declares the rejection of the use of classic tractors of traction and traction-energy concepts and defines the transition to mobile energy modules-transformers of the energy concept. The principles of the energy concept determine the maximum possible use of engine power for useful movement and execution of work processes, which ensures high efficiency of «tractor-free farming». The use of sets of mobile power transformer modules of electric drive type, complete with technological modules, instead of tractors, ensures maximum technical and technological equipment of agricultural industries for all conditions and various technological operations. The authors have proved that «tractor-free farming» is the most effective in the field of industrial horticulture and nursery farming, characterized by a wide range of conditions and a variety of technological operations performed. The article provides examples of basic configurations and technical appearance of «tractor-free farming» products for the industrial horticulture and nursery industry. The intersectoral nature of the new technological direction makes it possible to effectively use products of «tractor–free agriculture» in other sectors of agriculture – vegetable growing, breeding and seed production, as well as in municipal and urban logistics. An example of the practical implementation of individual fragments of «tractor-free farming» products in industrial gardening can be an existing model demonstrator of a garden e-Drone, with the pilot name «Russian Shuttle», created at the INTECH Engineering Center of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University. This product with a load capacity of up to 1000 kg and an operating speed from 0 to 30 km/h is designed for harvesting and transporting fruits. A distinctive feature of the Russian Shuttle garden drone is the use of 2 mass–produced electric drive bridges with a capacity of 1.2 kW, which significantly reduces its cost (by 10 times) compared to existing foreign self-propelled garden platforms.

Tyutyunov S.I., Navolneva E.V., Dorokhin K.V., Logvinov I.V., Poymenov A.S.

The research was carried out in order to study the effect and aftereffect of various fertilizer systems on the main indicators of fertility of typical chernozem. The work was carried out in a long-term field experience in the grain crop rotation in the conditions of the Belgorod region. The soil of the experimental site is typical medium–sized low-humus heavy loam chernozem on loess-like loam. The scheme of the experiment provided for the study of the effect of mineral fertilizers, in doses of N64P64K64 and N128P128K128; organic fertilizers with crop rotation saturation of 8 and 16 t/ha of the crop area (s. p.) and combinations of organic and mineral fertilizers. Three methods of basic tillage were analyzed: plowing, non-tillage and minimal tillage. During six rotations of the five-field crop rotation, without the use of fertilizers, humus losses amounted to 0.06…0.27 %, with an actual content of 4.96…5.15 %; the content of mobile phosphorus decreased by 2.8…9.2 mg/kg, and was at the level of 47.6…51.2 mg/kg; and mobile potassium remained almost at the same level (108.4…116.2 mg/kg). To obtain the optimal content of the main nutrients in the soil, it is necessary to use an organomineral fertilizer system. In particular: the use of mineral fertilizers in doses of N64P64K64 or N128P128K128 for a background of 8 t/ha of bovine manure (cattle). At the same time, the humus content in these variants reached the maximum value and amounted to 5.30…5.64 %, mobile phosphorus 222.6 …255.1 mg/kg and mobile potassium 156.6…173.5 mg/kg. Or long-term use of cattle manure with a crop rotation saturation of 16 t/ha. At this level of fertilization, the humus content was 5.34 % (on average according to the method of basic tillage), phosphorus and potassium 122.0 and 143.3 mg/kg, respectively.

Kulik K.N., Garkusha A.A., Usenko V.I., Kravchenko V.I., Purgin D.V.

The research was carried out in order to assess reserves for increasing the yield of spring soft wheat, oats and sunflower on chestnut soils of the dry steppe of the south of Western Siberia to increase the productivity of arable land. The work was performed in 2016–2023 in a long-term stationary field experiment in the West Kulunda subzone of the Altai Territory. The experimental scheme provided for a comparative study of the effectiveness of field crop rotations with different saturation of wheat and sunflower on non-fertilized and fertilized (N30). On chestnut soils of the dry steppe, the effect of nitrogen fertilizers was decisive in changing the yield of wheat by pure steam (87.4 % influence), strong ‒ oats (68.2 %) and sunflower (57.5 %), significant ‒ wheat by non‒paired precursors (36.8 %), significant – arable land productivity (24.2 %), whereas The effect of crop rotation was decisive in changing the productivity of arable land (74.2 %), strong ‒ wheat by non-paired precursors (62.5 %), significant ‒ sunflower (41.4 %) and oats (31.5 %), weak ‒ wheat by steam (11.7 %). The most favorable conditions for wheat and sunflower were formed after steam, for wheat by non‒steam precursors – when placed after oats, and oats after wheat in grain-to-crop crop rotations with one sunflower field. The productivity of arable land was minimal in crop rotations without sunflower (0.46…0.57 thousand grain units/ ha), with its share of 16.7…25 % increased by 0.16…0.28 thousand grain units/ha (28.1…60.9 %), and at 50 % ‒ by 0.31…0.42 thousand grain units/ha (54.4…91.3 %), in relation to the grain-pair crop rotation and permanent wheat. The application of nitrogen fertilizers for the crops of these crop rotations provided an increase in arable land productivity by 0.15…0.25 thousand grain units/ ha (20.5…28.4 %), relative to the non-winded background, with a payback of 1 kg of nitrogen up to 8.33 grain units.

Shakhov V.A., Uchkin P.G., Zatin I.M., Golubev M.I.

The article proposes a technology for restoring and strengthening the working bodies of tillage machines, including laser surfacing with a mixture of powders containing tungsten carbide to obtain a wear-resistant work surface. The purpose of the study is to determine the rational operating parameters of laser surfacing for the formation of the microstructure of wear-resistant coatings. The laser layers deposited by surfacing were examined for the resulting structure and the resulting hardness to match the modes of laser surfacing and the indicators of abrasive wear resistance. A total of 121 samples were deposited. A mixture of powders is used as a wear-resistant material, including 43…53 % of the iron base in powder form PG-C27 «Sormayt», with particle sizes of 80 microns, 45…55 % of the hardening phase in the form of tungsten carbide with particle sizes of 15 microns and 2 % aluminum oxide Al2O3 nanopowder with particle sizes of 70 nm. During the study of the microstructure, the parameters of the surfacing mode were determined, allowing to achieve the necessary dendritic-cellular structure deposited wear-resistant coating of the ledeburite type: laser radiation power 2500…2700 W, the surfacing speed is 7…9 mm/s, the content of tungsten carbide is 49…53 % of the volume powder mixtures. Theoretical studies of the laser surfacing process aimed at obtaining coatings with increased hardness have made it possible to determine the rational operating parameters for surfacing wear-resistant coatings: the deposition rate is 7 mm/s; the content of tungsten carbide in the powder mixture is 51 %; the laser radiation power is 2700 watts.

Dubovik E.V., Dubovik D.V., Morozov A.N.

The purpose of the research is to assess the level of accumulation of copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt and iron by peas using various cultivation technologies. The work was carried out in 2020–2023 on chernozem typical of the Kursk region. Four agrotechnologies of pea cultivation were studied, based on various methods of basic tillage: traditional, differentiated, minimal, direct sowing. The copper content was highest in the roots with minimal technology (13.37 mg/kg), in straw and grain – with direct sowing (6.16 and 5.74 mg/kg). The maximum amount of zinc in the roots was provided by traditional technology and direct sowing (34.10 and 34.63 mg/kg), in straw – differentiated (13.35 mg/kg), in grain ‒ traditional and differentiated (28.06 and 28.86 mg/kg) technologies. The highest content of manganese in the roots was with differentiated technology (369.95 mg/kg), in straw and grain – with direct sowing (68.11 and 55.30 mg/kg). The maximum amount of cobalt in the roots was observed with direct sowing (7.05 mg/kg), in straw – with differentiated technology (4.44 mg/kg), in grain – with minimal technology and direct sowing (3.51 mg/kg). The iron content in the roots did not differ significantly with traditional, minimal technologies and direct sowing, and with differentiated, it decreased by 16.3…26.0 mg/kg. In pea straw, the lowest amount of iron was found with differentiated technology (270.27 mg/kg). During direct sowing, the highest concentration of iron in the grain was noted (135.7 mg /kg). The coefficient of biological accumulation of trace elements by grain was higher than by roots and straw. The highest values of this grain index for copper (24.33), manganese (27.68), cobalt (12.14) and iron (9.19) were noted with direct sowing, and for zinc – with differentiated (28.36) and minimal (28.31) technologies.

Gorlov I.F., Slozhenkin M.I., Magomadov T.A., Yuldashbayeva A.Y., Shakhbazov O.P., Rajabov R.G.

The relevance of the work is due to the need to increase the efficiency of sheep farming in the southern regions of Russia to improve food security and increase the production of high-quality meat. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of crossing Edilbaevsheep with dorper sheep on the productive and biochemical parameters of young animals in the southern regions of Russia. During the study, three groups of animals were formed: purebred sheep of the Edilbaev breed (control group), mixed young with an equal proportion of blood (½ Edilbaev × ½ dorper, the first group) and young with a greater proportion of blood dorper (¼ Edilbaev × ¾ dorper, the second group). The results showed that the young of the second group demonstrated the highest indicators in terms of live weight and improved biochemical characteristics. The live weight in this group was 10.3 % higher (p0.05) compared to the control group. The total protein level in the second group was 110.89±10.86 g/l, which exceeded the indicators of the control group (105.68±5.33 g/l) by 4.9 % (p0.05). It was also revealed that the serum calcium content in the second group exceeded the values of the first group by 84.3 % (p0.001), which indicates an improvement in mineral metabolism. The analysis confirms that crossing with the dorper breed improves the productive and physiological parameters of young animals due to the pronounced effect of heterosis, especially in the case of half-blooded animals.

Boyko V.S., Timokhin A.Y.

Perennial legume-bluegrass herbaceous stands stabilize forage production for highly productive livestock farming and make a significant contribution to the nitrogen balance of agroecosystems in Western Siberia. The studies were conducted to study the effect of mineral nutrition conditions on the growth, development and dry matter yield of a mixture of goat’s rue and brome grass in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The work was carried out in 2000…2021 in a stationary field experiment on meadow-chernozem medium-deep medium-humus heavy loamy soil in the Omsk region. The experiment was laid out in the hatchery field of the 8-field crop rotation (eastern galega, eastern galega + brome, spring barley, field pea, sweet sorghum, alfalfa + brome, forage beans, millet + rapeseed) according to the scheme providing for the study of the following options: potassium fertilizer (factor A) – K0, K60; nitrogen fertilizer (factor B) – N0, N30, N60; soil supply with mobile phosphorus (factor C) – average (70…80 mg/kg according to F. V. Chirikov, background 0), increased (background I – 120, background II – 140 mg/kg), high (150…160 mg/kg, background III). The most balanced ratio of legume and bluegrass components was on the backgrounds with increased and high content of mobile phosphorus in the soil. Without the application of nitrogen fertilizers against these backgrounds, the competitive ability of goat’s rue increases, which is ecologically and economically effective. Against the background of irrigation, the yield of the grass mixture reaches 8 … 9 t/ha of dry mass in variants with a sufficient level of phosphorus (increased and high content) at 6.35 t/ha without fertilizers. In subsequent years, in the absence of irrigation, the picture changed towards a general decrease in yield to 5 … 6 t/ha of dry mass in fertilized variants at 3.60 … 4.81 t/ha in the variant without fertilizers. In the second decade, a reliable manifestation of yield growth in variants without nitrogen fertilizers is by 0.49 in 2011 … 2015 and by 0.99 t/ha in 2016 … 2021 on average by factor, due to an increase in the share of goat’s rue in the botanical composition.

Sharov V.V., Tsench Y.S., Serebryakov S.А., Dmitriev M.I., Melnikov D.V.

One hundred years ago, the serial production of the «Fordzon-Putilovets» wheeled tractor began at the «Krasny Putilovets» plant in Leningrad, which was a significant event in the history of machine building in the USSR. The start of production was preceded by the work of the Gosplan tractor commission, which was created to determine the tractor model and the enterprise for its production. (Research purpose) The research purpose is identifying the circumstances of the choice of the object and place of mass production of the tractor, determining the contribution of scientists to the work of the tractor commission; reflecting the importance of mass production in domestic engineering. (Materials and methods) Used sources reflecting the formation of tractor construction, archival materials of the V. P. Goryachkin Museum. Conducted research in accordance with the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and reliability. (Results and discussion) It was shown that the process of initial tractorization of the country, in addition to purchases abroad and semiindustrial production of original designs, was also characterized by serial production of tractors according to foreign models. It was noted that the tractor «Fordzon» was recommended for mass production by the tractor commission of the State Planning Committee. The role of scientists V. P. Goryachkin and P. M. Belyanchikov, who organized the tests of the american tractor and determined its technical and operational characteristics, was revealed. The «Krasny Putilovets» plant was chosen as the place of mass production. (Conclusions) The tractorization of the country was carried out mainly due to the serial production of a tractor, the analogue of which was «Fordzon». Scientists V. P. Goryachkin and P. M. Belyanchikov were directly involved in the selection of this type of tractor. Its reproduction on «Krasny Putilovets» became possible thanks to the active position of the company’s management. The production of the Fordzon-Putilovets tractor contributed to the saturation of agriculture with traction machines, and the purposeful work on mastering the serial production of tractor equipment at the «Krasny Putilovets» plant marked the creation of the tractorbuilding industry in the USSR machine building.

Dorokhov A.S., Kataev Y.V., Kostomakhin M.N., Petrishchev N.A., Pestryakov E.V., Sayapin A.S.

The studies were conducted to substantiate the development of devices and software for managing the technical condition of agricultural machinery using elements of artificial intelligence. The use of artificial intelligence makes it possible to implement a strategy for predictive maintenance and repair of C3 equipment – an integrated approach that allows you to determine the condition of a machine in operation and estimate when maintenance should be carried out. To do this, it is necessary to develop electronic diagnostic devices and sensors that can be combined into a single intelligent information complex that allows you to quickly collect and process large amounts of data on the parameters of the technical condition of agricultural machinery through the use of artificial intelligence. The object of the study is the hydromechanical gearbox of the Kirovets tractor for agricultural and industrial purposes. In 2022–2024, developed data collection devices, software and methods for assessing the technical condition of machines using artificial intelligence and neural network algorithms, and also described the manufactured digital diagnostic devices. Using the example of analyzing the operating parameters of the hydromechanical gearbox of the Kirovets tractor, the introduced concept of technical condition is specified, which consists in calculating the Yn parameter using a neural network, characterizing the nominal, permissible, limiting or emergency technical condition, and establishing recommendations to the owner on the type of possible work and service. Thanks to monitoring and analyzing the operating parameters of the gearbox using AI and continuous updating of the technical condition, technical maintenance and repair are carried out in a timely manner, which ensures technical condition management and increased reliability of agricultural machinery, minimizes failures and related equipment downtime.

Drozdova L.I., Krasnoperov A.S., Oparina O.Y., Malkov S.V., Belousov A.I., Chernitskiy A.E.

To reduce the negative effects of hyperthermia on the body of farm animals and poultry, various drugs and feed additives are currently used. Which do not have sufficiently adaptogenic and antitoxic properties. We studied the effect of a hepatoprotective composition consisting of dried live yeast, amorphous silicon dioxide, propylene glycol, calcium propionate, ascorbic acid, manganese, copper and zinc chelates, methionine and choline chloride on the variability of biochemical and morphological parameters of the body of laying hens under temperature stress. It was simulated by increasing the air temperature in a building where laying hens were kept from 18.0 ± 1.0 °C to 28.0 ± 1.0 °C for 48 hours. Due to hyperthermia, changes in biochemical and morphofunctional parameters were observed in the tissues and organs of birds. The obtained values of the biochemical parameters of blood serum in the birds of the control group indicated the intensity of the adaptive capabilities of their body. A complex of morphological changes confirmed a violation of protein metabolism and the regenerative-compensatory process. Pathological changes in the structure of the duodenum, characteristic of catarrhal-necrotic duodenitis, were identified. The stress reaction was also reflected in the condition of the heart muscle, in which an inflammatory process developed against the background of granular dystrophy of cardiomyocytes. The results of biochemical studies of blood serum in birds of the experimental group indicated an increase in the anti-stress response to a temperature stimulus under the influence of the studied composition (tendency to increase glucose and calcium, increase alkaline phosphatase activity by 47.4 %). The introduction of a hepatoprotective composition into the diet of laying hens during periods of temperature stress did not lead to disruption of the structure of tissues and organs, preserving cellular metabolic mechanisms. The

Zotikov V.I., Zubareva K.I.

We studied the effect of microbiological preparations on increasing the yield of soybeans of different varieties. The work was carried out in the conditions of the Oryol region in 2019–2023. Objects of research: soybean varieties Leader 1, Mezenka, Orleya, Osmon, Zusha, as well as Biostim Start preparations, Rizoform Soya, Organit Р, Organit N, Pseudobacterin 3, Biodux, used in pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding of soybean plants in phases 1…3 of trifoliate leaves and budding. The highest increase in soybean yield (6.0 %) compared to the control is provided by inoculation of seeds of the Zusha variety with Rizoform Soya in combination with Biostim Start. Pre-sowing seed treatment in combination with foliar fertilizing with preparations Organit Р, Organit N, Pseudobacterin 3, Biodux in the presence of native races of rhizobacteria in the soil contributed to the introduction of microorganisms included in their composition into the rhizosphere community of plants with subsequent participation in the activation of nitrogen nutrition processes of the latter. On average, for varieties, the number and weight of nodules in the variant with pre-sowing treatment and 2 foliar applications increased by 57.6 and 65 %, respectively, compared to the control, nitrogenase activity – by 67.3 %. The use of a combination of the preparations Organit Р, Organit N, Pseudobacterin 3 and Biodux by pre-sowing seed treatment and one foliar feeding in the phase 1…3 of trifoliate leaves provided the greatest increase in the yield of the Leader 1 variety 0.29 t/ha, Zusha – 0.35, Mezenka – 0 .40 t/ha. The maximum increase in protein content in grain was observed in the Mezenka variety in the variant with pre-sowing seed treatment and 1 or 2 foliar fertilizers – by 1.1 and 1.0 %, respectively.