Flensburg University of Applied Sciences

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Flensburg University of Applied Sciences
Short name
FUAS
Country, city
Germany, Flensburg
Publications
282
Citations
4 077
h-index
34
Top-3 journals
Journal of High Energy Physics
Journal of High Energy Physics (29 publications)
Energies
Energies (23 publications)
Top-3 organizations
Waseda University
Waseda University (33 publications)
University of Copenhagen
University of Copenhagen (31 publications)
Top-3 foreign organizations

Most cited in 5 years

Neumann T.
2020-08-04 citations by CoLab: 84 Abstract  
This paper presents a systematic review of (a) the impact of entrepreneurship on economic, social and environmental welfare and (b) the factors determining this impact. Research over the past 25 years shows that entrepreneurship is one cause of macroeconomic development, but that the relationship between entrepreneurship and welfare is very complex. The literature emphasizes that the generally positive impact of entrepreneurship depends on a variety of associated determinants which affect the degree of this impact. This paper seeks to contribute to the literature in three ways. First, it updates and extends existing literature reviews with the recently emerged research stream on developing countries, and incorporates studies analysing not only the impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth and welfare but also on social and environmental welfare. Second, it identifies and structures the current knowledge on the determinants of this impact. And third, it provides a roadmap for future research which targets the shortcomings of the existing empirical literature on this topic. The review of 102 publications reveals that the literature generally lacks research which (a) goes beyond the common measures of economic welfare, (b) examines the long-term impact of entrepreneurship and (c) focuses on emerging and developing countries. Regarding the determinants of the impact of entrepreneurship, the results highlight the need for empirical research which addresses both already investigated determinants which require more attention (e.g. survival, internationalisation, qualifications) and those which are currently only suspected of shaping the impact of entrepreneurship (e.g. firm performance, the entrepreneur’s socio-cultural background and motivations).
Slavich P., Heinemeyer S., Bagnaschi E., Bahl H., Goodsell M., Haber H.E., Hahn T., Harlander R., Hollik W., Lee G., Mühlleitner M., Paßehr S., Rzehak H., Stöckinger D., Voigt A., et. al.
European Physical Journal C scimago Q1 wos Q2 Open Access
2021-05-25 citations by CoLab: 62 PDF Abstract  
Predictions for the Higgs masses are a distinctive feature of supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, where they play a crucial role in constraining the parameter space. The discovery of a Higgs boson and the remarkably precise measurement of its mass at the LHC have spurred new efforts aimed at improving the accuracy of the theoretical predictions for the Higgs masses in supersymmetric models. The “Precision SUSY Higgs Mass Calculation Initiative” (KUTS) was launched in 2014 to provide a forum for discussions between the different groups involved in these efforts. This report aims to present a comprehensive overview of the current status of Higgs-mass calculations in supersymmetric models, to document the many advances that were achieved in recent years and were discussed during the KUTS meetings, and to outline the prospects for future improvements in these calculations.
Hettiarachchi B.D., Brandenburg M., Seuring S.
2022-04-01 citations by CoLab: 58 Abstract  
Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the technologies driving the shift to Industry 4.0. This transition reconfigures the supply chain to achieve the circular economy (CE) ideal along with improved resource efficiency. This study aims to explore how AM can be implemented in the CE context and to conceptualise the integration of AM and CE. The conceptual elements are identified through a systematic review and content analysis of the related literature, which consist of 51 journal articles. The content analysis was further enhanced by a contingency analysis and a causal loop diagram (CLD). The study highlights the role of the customer and the maturity of the technology as cornerstones when adopting AM in the CE context. Further, understanding the impact of manufacture location, the rapid prototyping legacy and workforce skill is crucial for achieving sustainability in the long run through AM implementation. Further, the contingency analysis reveals key constructs, which are grouped into five key clusters that need to be considered when implementing AM: (1) supply chain actors, (2) drivers, (3) key AM decisions, (4) CE implementation strategies and (5) operational practices. The CLD illustrates the interconnections between these five clusters, thereby revealing how key AM decisions and drivers mediate the influence exerted by CE implementation strategies and supply chain actors of AM on the operational practices. From a practical viewpoint, this study strives to realise the CE by proposing an elaborated guideline for practitioners to implement state-of-the-art AM technology. • Paper explores Additive Manufacturing (AM) implementation in Circular Economy (CE). • AM mitigates barriers and trade-offs for transitioning towards CE. • Customers and technology maturity are cornerstones in adopting AM in the CE context. • The study reveals five key clusters to guide AM implementation in the CE context. • A causal loop diagram identifies links between identified clusters of the study.
Neumann T.
Journal of Cleaner Production scimago Q1 wos Q1 Open Access
2022-12-01 citations by CoLab: 50 Abstract  
This paper contributes to the recent stream of econometric entrepreneurship research by introducing the environmental orientation of new ventures as a key factor for sustainable development. It empirically assesses whether relationships exist between national shares of green entrepreneurial activity (GEA) and economic, social, and environmental development. Theory and first empirical evidence suggest that – compared to conventional new ventures – new green ventures have a more positive economic and social impact and are less harmful or even beneficial to environmental quality. OLS regressions were estimated to empirically test the impact of GEA rates (share of total entrepreneurial activity) on GDP, the modified HDI, and CO 2 emissions. For this purpose, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data for 11,909 early-stage entrepreneurs was aggregated to the macro-level of 53 countries and merged with further international datasets. The results confirmed that higher shares of GEA are positively related to economic and social development but not to environmental development. Additional tests proved the robustness of the results for different economic development levels, time-lag variations, and different measurements of dependent and independent variables. The identified economic and social importance of GEA warrants intensified policy efforts to support the discovery, creation, and exploitation of green business opportunities. Potential explanations for the counterintuitive non-significant environmental impact are discussed, leading to new research avenues.
Krien U., Schönfeldt P., Launer J., Hilpert S., Kaldemeyer C., Pleßmann G.
Software Impacts scimago Q3 wos Q3
2020-11-01 citations by CoLab: 50 Abstract  
Energy system modelling is of high importance to investigate different scenarios in their technical, economical and environmental feasibility. The interplay of different technologies and energy flows in respective models can be represented as directed graphs in a generic but comprehensible formalism. However, additional effort is needed to create specific models and to derive an optimal sizing or operation of components. To tackle this problem, oemof.solph facilitates the formulation of (mixed-integer) linear programs from a generic object-oriented structure. Its structure allows to create models on different levels of detail by means of predefined components and an optional formulation of additional expressions and constraints. With its open and documented code base, extensive collection of examples and an active community it is useful across many levels, from simple applications to advanced modelling.
Brandenburg M., Gruchmann T., Oelze N.
Sustainability scimago Q1 wos Q2 Open Access
2019-12-17 citations by CoLab: 50 PDF Abstract  
Sustainable operations and sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) have become a highly relevant topic for scientific research and management, as well as policy-making practice. Despite surging growth in extant research, the need for theoretical and conceptual substantiation persists, and large opportunities for further research remain unexploited. This paper responds to the need for a conceptual foundation and, therefore, aims at providing a structured agenda for future research areas in SSCM. Based on an abductive reasoning approach, SSCM constructs and concepts are gathered from existing literature and recombined into a comprehensive conceptual SSCM framework. Areas and directions for future SSCM research, as suggested in earlier studies, are summarized, positioned in the framework, and outlined to stimulate further SSCM research activities. To overcome the lack of holistic research in the field, sophisticated techniques and integrated systems to support decision-making are required to tackle related issues’ complexity. Therefore, this paper’s contribution lies in the synthesis of state-of-the-art literature to provide a more comprehensive view of SSCM. Researchers may find promising recommendations and a suitable foundation for future studies, while practitioners may find helpful orientation and guidance for decision- and policy-making.
Hettiarachchi B.D., Seuring S., Brandenburg M.
Operations Management Research scimago Q1 wos Q1
2022-06-01 citations by CoLab: 46 Abstract  
The Industry 4.0 (I4.0) concept paves the way for the circular economy (CE) as advanced digital technologies enable sustainability initiatives. Hence, I4.0-driven CE-oriented supply chains (SCs) have improved sustainable performance, flexibility and interoperability. In order to smoothly embrace circular practices in digitally enabled SCs, quantitative techniques have been identified as crucial. Therefore, the intersection of I4.0, CE, supply chain management (SCM) and quantitative techniques is an emerging research arena worthy of investigation. This article presents a bibliometric analysis to identify the established and evolving research clusters in the topological analysis by identifying collaboration patterns, interrelations and the studies that significantly dominate the intersection of the analysed fields. Further, this study investigates the current research trends and presents potential directions for future research. The bibliometric analysis highlights that additive manufacturing (AM), big data analytics (BDA) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are the most researched technologies within the intersection of CE and sustainable SCM. Evaluation of intellectual, conceptual and social structures revealed that I4.0-driven sustainable operations and manufacturing are emerging research fields. This study provides research directions to guide scholars in the further investigation of these four identified fields while exploring the potential quantitative methods and techniques that can be applied in I4.0-enabled SCs in the CE context.
Gasanzade F., Pfeiffer W.T., Witte F., Tuschy I., Bauer S.
2021-10-01 citations by CoLab: 34 Abstract  
The transition to renewable energy sources to mitigate climate change will require large-scale energy storage to dampen the fluctuating availability of renewable sources and to ensure a stable energy supply. Energy storage in the geological subsurface can provide capacity and support the cycle times required. This study investigates hydrogen storage, methane storage and compressed air energy storage in subsurface porous formations and quantifies potential storage capacities as well as storage rates on a site-specific basis. For part of the North German Basin, used as the study area, potential storage sites are identified, employing a newly developed structural geological model. Energy storage capacities estimated from a volume-based approach are 6510 TWh and 24,544 TWh for hydrogen and methane, respectively. For a consistent comparison of storage capacities including compressed air energy storage, the stored exergy is calculated as 6735 TWh, 25,795 TWh and 358 TWh for hydrogen, methane and compressed air energy storage, respectively. Evaluation of storage deliverability indicates that high deliverability rates are found mainly in two of the three storage formations considered. Even accounting for the uncertainty in geological parameters, the storage potential for the three considered storage technologies is significantly larger than the predicted demand, and suitable storage rates are achievable in all storage formations. • Geological storage potential assessment for porous formations. • Consistent quantification of storage capacity for hydrogen, methane and compressed air. • The storage potentials may reach hundreds of TWh for an individual site. • Each storage type can cover national storage demand in 100% renewable energy systems. • Global occurrence of porous formations permits worldwide application of this approach.
Neumann T.
Journal of Cleaner Production scimago Q1 wos Q1 Open Access
2021-10-01 citations by CoLab: 34 Abstract  
Despite the significant attention devoted to the impact of corporate greening strategies on firm performance, research has so far focused on established firms, leaving the situation in new firms unclear. In this study, it is hypothesised that the impact of greening strategies on the performance of new firms depends on the type of strategy, and that the firm's age positively moderates this impact. Using a cross-sectoral dataset of 11,039 new firms from 36 countries, binary and ordinal logistic regressions were estimated for different start-up phases. The results indicate that new firms benefit from substantive greening strategies but, contrary to expectations, not from symbolic greening strategies. The performance of new firms in their later start-up phases was even found to be harmed if they adopt symbolic strategies but do not reinforce them with substantive actions (green-washing). No impact, or only a weakly positive impact was found for firms adopting both substantive and symbolic greening strategies (green-highlighting) or only substantive ones (brown-washing). Furthermore, the interaction analyses did not reveal any moderating effects of firm age, but additional investigation shows that the impacts of greening strategies do differ between age groups. Finally, robustness tests reveal that the relationship between substantive greening strategies and the performance of new firms is not linear but decreases with increasing environmental efforts. • Substantive greening strategies pay off for new firms aged up to 10 years. • This positive link is not linear but weakens with higher environmental efforts. • Symbolic greening and brown-washing are not related to the performance of new firms. • Green-washing may backfire for firms in their later start-up phases. • The impact of greening strategies differs between groups of different firm age.
Lemmer F., Yu W., Luhmann B., Schlipf D., Cheng P.W.
Multibody System Dynamics scimago Q1 wos Q2
2020-02-27 citations by CoLab: 30 Abstract  
Existing Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) platforms are usually designed using static or rigid-body models for the concept stage and, subsequently, sophisticated integrated aero-hydro-servo-elastic models, applicable for design certification. For the new technology of FOWTs, a comprehensive understanding of the system dynamics at the concept phase is crucial to save costs in later design phases. This requires low- and medium-fidelity models. The proposed modeling approach aims at representing no more than the relevant physical effects for the system dynamics. It consists, in its core, of a flexible multibody system. The applied Newton–Euler algorithm is independent of the multibody layout and avoids constraint equations. From the nonlinear model a linearized counterpart is derived. First, to be used for controller design and second, for an efficient calculation of the response to stochastic load spectra in the frequency-domain. From these spectra the fatigue damage is calculated with Dirlik’s method and short-term extremes by assuming a normal distribution of the response. The set of degrees of freedom is reduced, with a response calculated only in the two-dimensional plane, in which the aligned wind and wave forces act. The aerodynamic model is a quasistatic actuator disk model. The hydrodynamic model includes a simplified radiation model, based on potential flow-derived added mass coefficients and nodal viscous drag coefficients with an approximate representation of the second-order slow-drift forces. The verification through a comparison of the nonlinear and the linearized model against a higher-fidelity model and experiments shows that even with the simplifications, the system response magnitude at the system eigenfrequencies and the forced response magnitude to wind and wave forces can be well predicted. One-hour simulations complete in about 25 seconds and even less in the case of the frequency-domain model. Hence, large sensitivity studies and even multidisciplinary optimizations for systems engineering approaches are possible.
Muffels I.J., Waterham H.R., D’Alessandro G., Zagnoli-Vieira G., Sacher M., Lefeber D.J., Van der Vinne C., Roifman C.M., Gassen K.L., Rehmann H., Van Haaften-Visser D.Y., Nieuwenhuis E.S., Jackson S.P., Fuchs S.A., Wijk F., et. al.
Genome Medicine scimago Q1 wos Q1 Open Access
2025-02-07 citations by CoLab: 0 PDF Abstract  
Deciphering variants of uncertain significance (VUS) represents a major diagnostic challenge, partially due to the lack of easy-to-use and versatile cellular readouts that aid the interpretation of pathogenicity and pathophysiology. To address this challenge, we propose a high-throughput screening of cellular functionality through an imaging flow cytometry (IFC)-based platform. Six assays to evaluate autophagic-, lysosomal-, Golgi- health, mitochondrial function, ER stress, and NF-κβ activity were developed in fibroblasts. Assay sensitivity was verified with compounds (N = 5) and positive control patients (N = 6). Eight healthy controls and 20 individuals with VUS were screened. All molecular compounds and positive controls showed significant changes on their cognate assays, confirming assay sensitivity. Simultaneous screening of positive control patients on all six assays revealed distinct phenotypic profiles. In addition, individuals with VUS(es) in well-known disease genes showed distinct – but similar—phenotypic profiles compared to patients with pathogenic variants in the same gene.. For all individuals with VUSes in Genes of Uncertain Significance (GUS), we found one or more of six assays were significantly altered. Broadening the screening to an untargeted approach led to the identification of two clusters that allowed for the recognition of altered cell cycle dynamics and DNA damage repair defects. Experimental follow-up of the ‘DNA damage repair defect cluster’ led to the discovery of highly specific defects in top2cc release from double-strand DNA breaks in one of these individuals, harboring a VUS in the RAD54L2 gene. Our high-throughput IFC-based platform simplifies the process of identifying VUS pathogenicity through six assays and allows for the recognition of useful pathophysiological markers that structure follow-up experiments, thereby representing a novel valuable tool for precise functional diagnostics in genomics.
Reese L., Rettig A., Jauch C., Domin R.J., Karshüning T.
Energies scimago Q1 wos Q3 Open Access
2025-01-18 citations by CoLab: 1 PDF Abstract  
Due to the energy transition, the future electric power system will face further challenges that affect the functionality of the electricity grid and therefore the security of supply. For this reason, this article examines the future frequency stabilisation in a 100% renewable electric power system. A focus is set on the provision of inertia and frequency containment reserve. Today, the frequency stabilisation in most power systems is based on synchronous generators. By using grid-forming frequency converters, a large potential of alternative frequency stabilisation reserves can be tapped. Consequently, frequency stabilisation is not a problem of existing capacities but whether and how these are utilised. Therefore, in this paper, a collaborative approach to realise frequency stabilisation is proposed. By distributing the required inertia and frequency containment reserve across all technologies that are able to provide it, the relative contribution of each individual provider is low. To cover the need for frequency containment reserve, each capable technology would have to provide less than 1% of its rated power. The inertia demand can be covered by the available capacities at a coverage ratio of 171% (excluding wind power) to 217% (all capacities). As a result, it is proposed that provision of frequency stabilisation is made mandatory for all capable technologies. The joint provision distributes the burden of frequency stabilisation across many participants and hence increases redundancy. It ensures the stability of future electricity grids, and at the same time, it reduces the technological and economic effort. The findings are presented for the example of the German electricity grid.
Ganz J., Ammeling J., Jabari S., Breininger K., Aubreville M.
Medical Image Analysis scimago Q1 wos Q1
2025-01-01 citations by CoLab: 1 Abstract  
In numerous studies, deep learning algorithms have proven their potential for the analysis of histopathology images, for example, for revealing the subtypes of tumors or the primary origin of metastases. These models require large datasets for training, which must be anonymized to prevent possible patient identity leaks. This study demonstrates that even relatively simple deep learning algorithms can re-identify patients in large histopathology datasets with substantial accuracy. In addition, we compared a comprehensive set of state-of-the-art whole slide image classifiers and feature extractors for the given task. We evaluated our algorithms on two TCIA datasets including lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We also demonstrate the algorithm's performance on an in-house dataset of meningioma tissue. We predicted the source patient of a slide with F
Kok G., Schene I.F., Ilcken E.F., Alcaraz P.S., Mendes M., Smith D.E., Salomons G., Shehata S., Jans J.J., Maroofian R., Hoek T.A., van Es R.M., Rehmann H., Nieuwenhuis E.S., Vos H.R., et. al.
Nucleic Acids Research scimago Q1 wos Q1 Open Access
2024-12-09 citations by CoLab: 1 PDF Abstract  
Abstract Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) couple tRNAs with their corresponding amino acids. While ARSs can bind structurally similar amino acids, extreme specificity is ensured by subsequent editing activity. Yet, we found that upon isoleucine (I) restriction, healthy fibroblasts consistently incorporated valine (V) into proteins at isoleucine codons, resulting from misacylation of tRNAIle with valine by wildtype IARS1. Using a dual-fluorescent reporter of translation, we found that valine supplementation could fully compensate for isoleucine depletion and restore translation to normal levels in healthy, but not IARS1 deficient cells. Similarly, the antiproliferative effects of isoleucine deprivation could be fully restored by valine supplementation in healthy, but not IARS1 deficient cells. This indicates I > V substitutions help prevent translational termination and maintain cellular function in human primary cells during isoleucine deprivation. We suggest that this is an example of a more general mechanism in mammalian cells to preserve translational speed at the cost of translational fidelity in response to (local) amino acid deficiencies.
Haghofer A., Parlak E., Bartel A., Donovan T.A., Assenmacher C., Bolfa P., Dark M.J., Fuchs-Baumgartinger A., Klang A., Jäger K., Klopfleisch R., Merz S., Richter B., Schulman F.Y., Janout H., et. al.
Veterinary Pathology scimago Q1 wos Q1
2024-11-19 citations by CoLab: 2 Abstract  
Variation in nuclear size and shape is an important criterion of malignancy for many tumor types; however, categorical estimates by pathologists have poor reproducibility. Measurements of nuclear characteristics can improve reproducibility, but current manual methods are time-consuming. The aim of this study was to explore the limitations of estimates and develop alternative morphometric solutions for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs). We assessed the following nuclear evaluation methods for accuracy, reproducibility, and prognostic utility: (1) anisokaryosis estimates by 11 pathologists; (2) gold standard manual morphometry of at least 100 nuclei; (3) practicable manual morphometry with stratified sampling of 12 nuclei by 9 pathologists; and (4) automated morphometry using deep learning–based segmentation. The study included 96 ccMCTs with available outcome information. Inter-rater reproducibility of anisokaryosis estimates was low (k = 0.226), whereas it was good (intraclass correlation = 0.654) for practicable morphometry of the standard deviation (SD) of nuclear size. As compared with gold standard manual morphometry (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.839, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.701–0.977), the prognostic value (tumor-specific survival) of SDs of nuclear area for practicable manual morphometry and automated morphometry were high with an AUC of 0.868 (95% CI = 0.737–0.991) and 0.943 (95% CI = 0.889–0.996), respectively. This study supports the use of manual morphometry with stratified sampling of 12 nuclei and algorithmic morphometry to overcome the poor reproducibility of estimates. Further studies are needed to validate our findings, determine inter-algorithmic reproducibility and algorithmic robustness, and explore tumor heterogeneity of nuclear features in entire tumor sections.
Ganz J., Marzahl C., Ammeling J., Rosbach E., Richter B., Puget C., Denk D., Demeter E.A., Tăbăran F.A., Wasinger G., Lipnik K., Tecilla M., Valentine M.J., Dark M.J., Abele N., et. al.
Scientific Reports scimago Q1 wos Q1 Open Access
2024-11-01 citations by CoLab: 2 PDF Abstract  
AbstractThe count of mitotic figures (MFs) observed in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides is an important prognostic marker, as it is a measure for tumor cell proliferation. However, the identification of MFs has a known low inter-rater agreement. In a computer-aided setting, deep learning algorithms can help to mitigate this, but they require large amounts of annotated data for training and validation. Furthermore, label noise introduced during the annotation process may impede the algorithms’ performance. Unlike H&E, where identification of MFs is based mainly on morphological features, the mitosis-specific antibody phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) specifically highlights MFs. Counting MFs on slides stained against PHH3 leads to higher agreement among raters and has therefore recently been used as a ground truth for the annotation of MFs in H&E. However, as PHH3 facilitates the recognition of cells indistinguishable from H&E staining alone, the use of this ground truth could potentially introduce an interpretation shift and even label noise into the H&E-related dataset, impacting model performance. This study analyzes the impact of PHH3-assisted MF annotation on inter-rater reliability and object level agreement through an extensive multi-rater experiment. Subsequently, MF detectors, including a novel dual-stain detector, were evaluated on the resulting datasets to investigate the influence of PHH3-assisted labeling on the models’ performance. We found that the annotators’ object-level agreement significantly increased when using PHH3-assisted labeling (F1: 0.53 to 0.74). However, this enhancement in label consistency did not translate to improved performance for H&E-based detectors, neither during the training phase nor the evaluation phase. Conversely, the dual-stain detector was able to benefit from the higher consistency. This reveals an information mismatch between the H&E and PHH3-stained images as the cause of this effect, which renders PHH3-assisted annotations not well-aligned for use with H&E-based detectors. Based on our findings, we propose an improved PHH3-assisted labeling procedure.
Qiu J., Aubreville M., Wilm F., Öttl M., Utz J., Schlereth M., Breininger K.
2024-10-22 citations by CoLab: 1 Abstract  
Acquiring annotations for whole slide images (WSIs)-based deep learning tasks, such as creating tissue segmentation masks or detecting mitotic figures, is a laborious process due to the extensive image size and the significant manual work involved in the annotation. This paper focuses on identifying and annotating specific image regions that optimize model training, given a limited annotation budget. While random sampling helps capture data variance by collecting annotation regions throughout the WSI, insufficient data curation may result in an inadequate representation of minority classes. Recent studies proposed diversity sampling to select a set of regions that maximally represent unique characteristics of the WSIs. This is done by pretraining on unlabeled data through self-supervised learning and then clustering all regions in the latent space. However, establishing the optimal number of clusters can be difficult and not all clusters are task-relevant. This paper presents prototype sampling, a new method for annotation region selection. It discovers regions exhibiting typical characteristics of each task-specific class. The process entails recognizing class prototypes from extensive histopathology image-caption databases and detecting unlabeled image regions that resemble these prototypes. Our results show that prototype sampling is more effective than random and diversity sampling in identifying annotation regions with valuable training information, resulting in improved model performance in semantic segmentation and mitotic figure detection tasks. Code is available at https://github.com/DeepMicroscopy/Prototype-sampling .
Ding W., Xiang D., Long D., Luo Z., Li Y.
2024-09-19 citations by CoLab: 0 Abstract  
In order to meet the demands of weak-link identification of mechanical structures in high-precision equipment, this paper introduces the concepts and equations of modal momentum and modal momentum difference ratio (MMDR), as well as an identification method of weak links based on modal momentum. In this method, the modal data of the mechanical structure is acquired first through experimental modal analysis or finite element analysis. The modal momentum of each measured point is calculated based on the modal data and transformed to the global coordinate system. Then, the MMDRs between the measured point with the largest magnitude of modal momentum and its adjacent measured points are calculated. Weak links are judged if the MMDR exceeds a predefined threshold. Twelve different multi-degrees-of-freedom systems incorporating weak links were designed and then identified using the proposed method. The accuracy of identification is up to 100% for these systems. The method was applied to a double pendulum angle milling head of a five-axis numerically controlled machine tool, and the result reveals that the side plate lacks bending stiffness.
Aubreville M., Ganz J., Ammeling J., Rosbach E., Gehrke T., Scherzad A., Hackenberg S., Goncalves M.
2024-09-13 citations by CoLab: 0 Abstract  
Multidisciplinary tumor boards are meetings where a team of medical specialists, including medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, surgeons, and pathologists, collaborate to determine the best treatment plan for cancer patients. While decision-making in this context is logistically and cost-intensive, it has a significant positive effect on overall cancer survival. We evaluated the quality and accuracy of predictions by several large language models for recommending procedures by a Head and Neck Oncology tumor board, which we adapted for the task using parameter-efficient fine-tuning or in-context learning. Records were divided into two sets: n=229 used for training and n=100 records for validation of our approaches. Randomized, blinded, manual human expert classification was used to evaluate the different models. Treatment line congruence varied depending on the model, reaching up to 86%, with medically justifiable recommendations up to 98%. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning yielded better outcomes than in-context learning, and larger/commercial models tend to perform better. Providing precise, medically justifiable procedural recommendations for complex oncology patients is feasible. Extending the data corpus to a larger patient cohort and incorporating the latest guidelines, assuming the model can handle sufficient context length, could result in more factual and guideline-aligned responses and is anticipated to enhance model performance. We, therefore, encourage further research in this direction to improve the efficacy and reliability of large language models as support in medical decision-making processes.
Büttner C., Esterl K., Cußmann I., Epia Realpe C.A., Amme J., Nadal A.
2024-08-01 citations by CoLab: 5 Abstract  
Germany must decarbonise all energy sectors to meet international and national climate goals. This task necessitates linking the electricity with the gas, heat and mobility sectors. On the one hand, sector coupling increases the demand for electrical energy and changes well-known demand patterns requiring updates to the grid infrastructure. On the other hand, the newly coupled sectors offer flexibility options to support the grid infrastructure and reduce expansion needs. This study employs a highly detailed model of the German transmission grid to analyse the impact of sector coupling comprising additional electricity demands and flexibility options on grid and storage expansion needs in the year 2035. The results demonstrate that utilising flexibility options can reduce system costs and lower CO2 emissions. The research adheres to open source and open data principles, with all data and tools being publicly accessible.
Ahn E., Kaltschmitt M., Langmaack T., Neuling U., Remmele E., Scherzinger M., Thuneke K., Voß S.
2024-07-25 citations by CoLab: 0 Abstract  
Die in bestimmten Pflanzenteilen, insbesondere Samen, enthaltenen Öle und / oder Fette können durch technische Verfahren mit einer sehr hohen Reinheit abgetrennt werden. Diese Pflanzenöle bzw. -fette sowie deren Mischungen können, falls sie bestimmten Mindestqualitätsanforderungen entsprechen, direkt als Kraftstoff in dafür spezifizierten selbstzündenden Motoren eingesetzt werden. In weit größerem Umfang aber werden Öle und Fette pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs in ihrem natürlichen molekularen Aufbau verändert, damit die Makromoleküle den Kohlenwasserstoffketten, wie sie Bestandteile des Dieselkraftstoffs sind, ähnlicher werden oder sogar entsprechen. Dadurch können diese Kraftstoffe konventionellem, fossilem Dieselkraftstoff beigemischt oder auch als Reinkraftstoff in Dieselmotoren, die nicht oder nur geringfügig modifiziert sind, verwendet werden. Im Folgenden wird zunächst auf die Herstellung von normgerechten Pflanzenölen als Reinkraftstoff eingegangen und anschließend werden Ansätze und Konzepte einer Weiterverarbeitung von Ölen und Fetten pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs im Hinblick auf die Einhaltung definierter Kraftstoffeigenschaften erläutert.
Fischer D., Vith W., Unger J.L.
2024-07-08 citations by CoLab: 2 PDF Abstract  
Particle emissions from marine activities next to gaseous emissions have attracted increasing attention in recent years, whether in the form of black carbon for its contribution to global warming or as fine particulate matter posing a threat to human health. Coastal areas are particularly affected by this. Hence, there is a great need for shipping to explore alternative fuels that both reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as anticipated through IMO, and also have the potential to reduce particle emissions significantly. This paper presents a comparative study of the particulate emissions of two novel synthetic/biofuels (GTL and HVO), which might, in part, substitute traditionally used distillate liquid fuels (e.g., MDO). HFO particulate emissions, in combination with an EGCS, formed the baseline. The main emphasis was laid on particle concentration (PN) and particulate matter (PM) emissions, combining gravimetric and particle number measurements. Measurements were conducted on a 0.72 MW research engine at different loads (25%, 50%, and 75%). The results show that novel fuels produce slightly fewer emissions than diesel fuel. Results also exhibit a clear trend that particle formation decreases as engine load increases. The EGCS only moderately reduces particle emissions for all complaint fuels, which is related to the formation of very fine particles, especially at high engine loads.
Petersen K.
2024-07-01 citations by CoLab: 2 Abstract  
Rainer and Wohlin showed that case studies are not well understood by reviewers and authors and thus they say that a given research is a case study when it is not. Rainer and Wohlin proposed a smell indicator (inspired by code smells) to identify case studies based on the frequency of occurrences of words, which performed better than human classifiers. With the emergence of ChatGPT, we evaluate ChatGPT to assess its performance in accurately identifying case studies. We also reflect on the results' implications for mapping studies, specifically data extraction. We used ChatGPT with the model GPT-4 to identify case studies and compared the result with the smell indicator for precision, recall, and accuracy. GPT-4 and the smell indicator perform similarly, with GPT-4 performing slightly better in some instances and the smell indicator (SI) in others. The advantage of GPT-4 is that it is based on the definition of case studies and provides traceability on how it reaches its conclusions. As GPT-4 performed well on the task and provides traceability, we should use and, with that, evaluate it on data extraction tasks, supporting us as authors.
Zascerinska J., Scheepers J., Kühn M.
2024-06-05 citations by CoLab: 0 Abstract  
Problem-solving skills refer to the 21st century skills and Top 10 Skills of 2025. Therefore, TVET sector in South Africa has to pay particular attention to the development of TVET students’ problem solving skills. However, different stakeholders in TVET have different views on the development of TVET students’ problem-solving skills. The purpose of the paper is to model TVET students’ problem-solving skills on the multi-sided needs analysis of TVET students’ problem-solving skills. TVET students’ problem-solving skills are modelled on the following: a) implementation of theoretical analysis; b) online interviews with TVET lecturers; and c) 20 semi-structured interviews with the representatives of 18 companies (including German companies) carried out in South Africa in 2021. The multi-sided analysis of TVET students’ problem-solving skills shows that there is a discrepancy between the educational theory and educational practice aimed at fostering TVET students’ problem-solving skills.
Dyussembekova N., Schütt R., Leiße I., Ralfs B.
Energies scimago Q1 wos Q3 Open Access
2024-04-30 citations by CoLab: 2 PDF Abstract  
During the energy transition, new types of electrical equipment, especially power electronic devices, are proposed to increase the flexibility of electricity distribution grids. One type is the solid-state transformer (SST), which offers excellent possibilities to improve the voltage quality in electricity distribution grids and integrate hybrid AC/DC grids. This paper compares SST to conventional copper-based power transformers (CPT) with and without an on-load tap changer (OLTC) and with additional downstream converters. For this purpose, a corresponding electricity distribution grid is set up in the power system analysis tool DIgSILENT PowerFactory 2022. A DC generator like a photovoltaic system, a DC load like an electric vehicle fast charging station, and an AC load are connected. Based on load flow simulations, the four power transformers are compared concerning voltage stability during a generator-based and a load-based scenario. The results of load flow simulations show that SSTs are most valuable when additional generators and loads are to be connected to the infrastructure, which would overload the existing grid equipment. The efficiency of using SSTs also depends on the parameters of the electrical grid, especially the lengths of the low-voltage (LV) lines. In addition, a flowchart-based decision process is proposed to support the decision-making process for the appropriate power transformer from an electrical perspective. Beyond these electrical properties, an evaluation matrix lists other relevant criteria like characteristics of the installation site, noise level, expected lifetime, and economic criteria that must be considered.

Since 1974

Total publications
282
Total citations
4077
Citations per publication
14.46
Average publications per year
5.53
Average authors per publication
295.05
h-index
34
Metrics description

Top-30

Fields of science

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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 57, 20.21%
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 39, 13.83%
Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 32, 11.35%
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 29, 10.28%
Engineering (miscellaneous), 25, 8.87%
Control and Optimization, 23, 8.16%
Energy (miscellaneous), 22, 7.8%
General Medicine, 17, 6.03%
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 17, 6.03%
Mechanical Engineering, 16, 5.67%
General Materials Science, 15, 5.32%
General Physics and Astronomy, 12, 4.26%
Condensed Matter Physics, 11, 3.9%
General Engineering, 10, 3.55%
Strategy and Management, 10, 3.55%
Computer Science Applications, 9, 3.19%
Mechanics of Materials, 9, 3.19%
Building and Construction, 9, 3.19%
Waste Management and Disposal, 9, 3.19%
Bioengineering, 8, 2.84%
Applied Mathematics, 8, 2.84%
General Mathematics, 7, 2.48%
Education, 7, 2.48%
Management Science and Operations Research, 7, 2.48%
Metals and Alloys, 6, 2.13%
General Chemistry, 6, 2.13%
Environmental Engineering, 6, 2.13%
Civil and Structural Engineering, 6, 2.13%
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 6, 2.13%
General Chemical Engineering, 5, 1.77%
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60

Journals

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Publishers

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With other organizations

5
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35
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35

With foreign organizations

5
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15
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35
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With other countries

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Denmark, 48, 17.02%
USA, 40, 14.18%
Netherlands, 36, 12.77%
United Kingdom, 35, 12.41%
Poland, 35, 12.41%
China, 34, 12.06%
Australia, 34, 12.06%
Japan, 34, 12.06%
France, 33, 11.7%
Canada, 33, 11.7%
Sweden, 32, 11.35%
Russia, 30, 10.64%
Austria, 30, 10.64%
Spain, 30, 10.64%
Norway, 30, 10.64%
Portugal, 29, 10.28%
Argentina, 29, 10.28%
Brazil, 29, 10.28%
Greece, 29, 10.28%
Italy, 29, 10.28%
Colombia, 29, 10.28%
Malaysia, 29, 10.28%
Turkey, 29, 10.28%
Czech Republic, 29, 10.28%
Switzerland, 29, 10.28%
Belarus, 28, 9.93%
Azerbaijan, 28, 9.93%
Armenia, 28, 9.93%
Hungary, 28, 9.93%
5
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50
  • We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
  • Statistics recalculated daily.
  • Publications published earlier than 1974 are ignored in the statistics.
  • The horizontal charts show the 30 top positions.
  • Journals quartiles values are relevant at the moment.