Fayoum University

Alzahrani B., Abd El-Aty A., Xu Y., Hou Y., Zhang S., Ali A., Ahmed M.M., Shokry A.

The hot-flow behaviors of Al-Mg-Si alloy are complex because they depend on ε, ε˙, and T. Hence, it is vital to understand and determine the Al-Mg-Si alloy’s flow behaviors under several deformation conditions. Therefore, in this study, Crystal Plasticity (CP) modeling, modified Zerilli–Armstrong (MZA), and two JC models were developed to precisely determine the hot deformation behaviors of this alloy. The reliability and predictability of these models were evaluated via comparisons of the determined and experimental results acquired in the ε˙ range of 10−3 to 1 s−1 and T range of 400–550 °C. Additionally, statistical parameters including the RMSE, AARE, and R were utilized to assess these models’ reliability for determining this alloy’s flow behaviors under several forming conditions. By analyzing these statistical parameters and comparing the predicted and experimental stresses, it can be concluded that the flow stresses predicted by the CP modeling and S2-MJC model exhibit a strong alignment with the experimental flow stresses. This contrasts with the results from the MZA and S1-MJC models. These results are attributed to the ability of CP modeling to couple the microstructure state of this alloy and the interactions between ε and ε˙ on the one hand and between T, ε˙, and ε on the other hand, facilitated by a comprehensive set of parameters that link the dynamic recovery and softening mechanisms components in the S2‐MJC model.

Saeed M., Mostafa N., Mahmoud A., Elsayed M.

ABSTRACTThis work presents the development of new, rapid, and sensitive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of Aripiprazole in different dosage forms and human plasma. Both methods are based on the formation of an ion‐pair complex between Eosin Y and the studied drug in an acidic medium. In the spectrophotometric method, the absorbance of the formed complex was estimated at 551 nm, showing a linear range from 1.0 to 13.0 μg mL−1 with detection and quantification limits of 0.20 and 0.60 μg mL−1, respectively. The spectrofluorimetric method measured the fluorescence emission of the formed complex at 545 nm upon excitation at 255 nm. This method exhibited a good linear range from 0.1 to 2.0 μg mL−1 with detection and quantification limits of 0.03 and 0.09 μg mL−1, respectively. The developed techniques offer several benefits, such as simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, and high sensitivity. The proposed methods were validated in accordance with ICH guidelines, permitting precise analysis of the studied drug in its tablets and spiked human plasma samples with a high percent recovery. Moreover, the eco‐friendly characteristics of the proposed methods were evaluated using two greenness assessment tools: AGREE and GAPI.

Diab M.M.

Deeb S.E., Ashour E.A., Youssef I.M., Alshehry G., Abuljadayel D.A., Aljahdali N., Albaqami N.M., Bahnas M.M., Abd El-Hack M.E.

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of garlic powder (GP) as a natural growth promoter in broiler diets, replacing traditional antibiotics. Four experimental groups of 264-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were established in a fully randomized design experiment. Each group had six replicates, each with eleven unsexed chicks. The treatments were used as follows: The 1st group was the basal diet without any additive (control group). 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups (1 GP, 2 GP and 3 GP) receving basal diet + 1, 2, and 3 g GP/kg feed, respectively. Results demonstrated that 2 and 3 g GP/kg diets significantly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), while 1 g GP/kg feed led to the greatest gains in body weight, weight gain, and feed intake. Blood analysis revealed elevated total protein, albumin, and A/G ratios across all GP groups, alongside reduced creatinine and ALT levels. The 3 g GP/kg diet notably increased HDL and reduced total cholesterol (TC) and LDL concentrations. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) levels were highest in birds fed 1 and 3 g GP/kg, with IgM levels peaking in the 1 g GP group. Additionally, the 3 g GP/kg diet enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of oxidative stress. In contrast, the control group exhibited the highest MDA levels. Additionally, the highest lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and total bacterial count (TBC) are found in the 1 GP group. However, the control group had the highest levels of E. coli. In conclusion, incorporating garlic powder into broiler diets enhanced immune response, blood parameters, overall growth, and gut bacteria counts with optimal effects observed at 1 and 3 g GP/kg.

Taha A.M., Kamel H.A., Khlidj Y., Salem D.S., Saed S.A., Abouelmagd K., Nguyen D., Shash E., Chapagain S., Kassem L.

Background: The management of early breast cancer (BC) includes breast-conserving surgery (BCS), postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) and systemic therapy. Therefore, we aim at evaluating all the efficacy endpoints for PORT compared to no PORT in older women with early-stage BC. Method: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases from inception up to May 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where patients were randomized into either PORT vs no PORT. The following outcomes were studied: any local recurrence, nodal recurrence, contralateral BC, distant relapse, all-causes and cancer-specific mortality. Result: Seven eligible RCTs with a total of 4860 patients were included; 2435 of them received PORT; and 2425 did not. All patients had a node-negative disease, with 84.4% older than 60 years and only 10.4% had tumors larger than 2 cm. Patients in both treatment arms were offered adjuvant endocrine therapy e.g. tamoxifen and anastrozole. The median follow-up was 9.7 years (95% CI: 5.1–11.3). The survival risk for any local recurrence for patients with no radiotherapy was significantly higher than for those who used PORT (HR: 6.3; 95% CI: 4.17–9.52). Also, patients in the PORT arm had a significantly lower risk of nodal recurrence (risk of recurrence (RR): 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11–0.72, P = .009). However, PORT was not associated with a significant reduction in the risk of contralateral BC, distant relapse, BC-specific mortality or all-cause mortality (RR: 0.883, 1.52, 1.12, 0.995, respectively). Conclusion: Postoperative radiotherapy significantly reduces local and regional recurrence following BCS in early estrogen receptor-positive elderly BC with limited value on distant recurrence or mortality. The risk-benefit ratio should be determined for every patient to avoid overtreatment of a significant proportion of patients.

Saker S.H., Mahmoud R.R., Krnić M.

In this paper, we characterize the boundedness of a generalized Hardy operator and its adjoint on $$\ell _{w}^{p}(\mathbb {Z}_{+})$$ , via the discrete weights w belonging to the discrete classes $${\mathcal {B}}_{p}^{\lambda }$$ and $${\mathcal {B}}_{p}^{*\lambda }$$ , respectively. As an application of the corresponding boundedness, we show that the self-improving property of a discrete class $${\mathcal {B}}_{p}$$ is valid, i.e., we prove that if $$w\in {\mathcal {B}}_{p}$$ for some $$10$$ such that $$w\in {\mathcal {B}}_{p-\varepsilon }$$ . Similarly, we also prove the self-improving property of a discrete class $${\mathcal {B}}_{p}^{*}$$ , i.e., we show that if $$w\in {\mathcal {B}}_{p}^{*}$$ for some $$10$$ such that $$w\in {\mathcal {B}}_{p+\varepsilon }^{*}.$$ Finally, the established results are also applied for proving the boundedness of the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator on Lorentz sequence spaces.

Elsayed M.A., Algethami F.K., Alotaibi A.N., AlSalem H.S., Mohammed Abd Elhalim L., Gamal M.

This paper represents an effective and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for the regular assay of Clorsulon (CLR) and Moxidectin (MOX) anti-parasitic drugs in injection solution and pure powder without derivatization processes. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile: methanol: water: acetic acid (56.0: 36.0: 7.5: 0.5 by volume). Besides, a Supelcosil C18 (4.60 mm ×15.0 cm, 5.0 μm) column was selected for completing the separation and quantitation of the two aforementioned veterinary drugs at a wavelength of 254 nm. The flow rate was set at 2.0 mL min−1 at the isocratic approach. We have conducted the degradation experiments using the HPLC-DAD instrument, adhering to the guidelines of the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH), subjecting CLR and MOX to light, heat, basic, acidic, and oxidative stressful conditions to figure out the ideal storage conditions and the possible medications that can be co-administered with them. CLR and MOX were quantified linearly from 400.0 to 1200.0 and from 40.0 to 120.0 µg mL−1, respectively. The maximum recorded degradation results were in acidic, basic, and oxidative conditions. Therefore, strong basic or acidic medications and oxidants shouldn’t be combined with CLR and MOX in a co-formulated medication. Greenness, carbon footprint, and blueness assessments for the novel method were conducted to verify the sustainability and functionality. The thirteen subdivisions in the GAPI pictogram, which were categorized as either green or yellow, refer to moderate green aspects. The final AGREE score of 0.56 and the majority of its subdivisions, ranging from dark green to yellow, indicated a relatively moderate level of greenness. This was primarily due to the significant acetonitrile content (56%) in the mobile phase. Using the HEXAGON method, the ultimate score is 0 out of 5 since the total calculated carbon footprint is less than 0.10. An eco-friendly method is one with a reduced carbon footprint score. The innovative HPLC method’s functioning and utility are indicated via its overall BAGI score of 80.0. Generally, the outcomes of the AGREE and GAPI pictograms indicate that the HPLC-DAD has a greenness feature, despite its moderate sensitivity.

Abdelkhalik A., Gyushi M.A., Howladar S.M., Kutby A.M., Asiri N.A., Baeshen A.A., Nahari A.M., Alsamadany H., Semida W.M.

This study investigated the combined effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (Nano-Zn) and moringa leaf extract (MLE) on squash plants grown under water stress conditions in saline soil during 2021–2022. The research compared full irrigation (100% ETc) with water deficit conditions (60% ETc). While water deficit negatively impacted plant growth, yield, and various physiological parameters, the sequential application of Nano-Zn (at 50 or 100 mg L−1) with MLE (3%) significantly mitigated these adverse effects. The combined treatment proved more effective than individual applications, enhancing growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency, and antioxidant systems. The treatment particularly improved stress tolerance by increasing protective compounds like soluble sugars and amino acids while reducing harmful H2O2 levels. The study concluded that sequential application of 100 mg L−1 Nano-Zn with MLE was optimal for enhancing squash performance under drought stress, with 50 mg L−1 Nano-Zn plus MLE as the second-best option.

Sweidan A.H., El-Bendary N., Taie S.A., Idrees A.M., Elhariri E.

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a vast corpus of online conversations regarding vaccines, predominantly on social media platforms like X (formerly known as Twitter). However, analyzing sentiment in Arabic text is challenging due to the diverse dialects and lack of readily available sentiment analysis resources for the Arabic language. This paper proposes an explainable Deep Learning (DL) approach designed for sentiment analysis of Arabic tweets related to COVID-19 vaccinations. The proposed approach utilizes a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network with Multi-Self-Attention (MSA) mechanism for capturing contextual impacts over long spans within the tweets, while having the sequential nature of Arabic text constructively learned by the BiLSTM model. Moreover, the XLNet embeddings are utilized to feed contextual information into the model. Subsequently, two essential Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods, namely Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), have been employed for gaining further insights into the features’ contributions to the overall model performance and accordingly achieving reasonable interpretation of the model’s output. Obtained experimental results indicate that the combined XLNet with BiLSTM model outperforms other implemented state-of-the-art methods, achieving an accuracy of 93.2% and an F-measure of 92% for average sentiment classification. The integration of LIME and SHAP techniques not only enhanced the model’s interpretability, but also provided detailed insights into the factors that influence the classification of emotions. These findings underscore the model’s effectiveness and reliability for sentiment analysis in low-resource languages such as Arabic.

Samir A.A., Elamir A.H., Basyouni Helal M., Goudy Y., Elbarbary K., El-Mezayen M., Abo-Elenien W., Abdelazim E.H., Mabrouk M.A., Ibrahim A.H., Salah A.W., Attallah R.M., El-Saeed M.M., Marei E.M., Lotfy A., et. al.

Academic self-efficacy (ASE), influenced by various sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychological factors, is a critical determinant of academic performance in medical students. In Egypt, the medical education system underwent recent drastic changes. Therefore, we aim to explore the effects of these changes on the variables above and, subsequently, on ASE among a national sample of Egyptian medical students. We conducted a cross-sectional study across 30 Egyptian medical colleges using a validated electronic Arabic survey to evaluate sociodemographic, lifestyle behaviors, psychological factors, and ASE. Categorical variables were described using frequencies and percentages, while Continuous variables were summarized as mean and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis with post-hoc testing, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression were employed to assess the associations between the study variables and ASE. Data analysis was performed using R Statistical Software. A total of 1446 participants were included, with a mean age of 20.59 ± 1.68. Of these, 61.5% (n = 890) were Females, while 94.3% (n = 1363) were single. ASE was significantly associated with certain financial status, smoking, sleeping hours, breakfast patterns, diet changes, and fluids. Stress, anxiety, and depression were associated with and correlated to poor ASE. Only depression, oversleeping, and smoking were significant predictors of worse ASE. Multiple variables are significantly associated with, correlated to, or predictors of ASE after the recent reform in the Egyptian medical education system. Subsequently, targeted interventions to specific sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychological factors can be adopted and assessed through future longitudinal pre-post interventional studies.

Mikhail C.R., Ragab M.H., Ahmed Y., El Desouky E.D., Hassanein F.E., Bekhit M., Mostafa M.H.

Abstract Background Anxiety may be induced in the dental clinics, which is an essential learning environment for undergraduate dental students. This could have a negative impact on clinical performance. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of clinical anxiety among a sample of Dental students and to determine possible precipitating factors for clinical anxiety among them. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 3rd and 4th year dental students at King Salman International University using the modified 34 items of Moss and McManus clinical anxiety questionnaire. Results 263 students participated. Dental students reported higher incidence of clinical anxiety (60.8%), particularly with different dental treatment plan procedures related clinical situations fulfilling 31.2 out of mean score of anxiety all (74.0 ). Females had higher anxiety score in all domains than males, the same trend noticed in students who reported dental phobia and previous bad dental experiences (P < 0.001, P 0.016, P 0.003 respectively). Participants rated the clinical anxiety precipitating situations in a descending order as follows: extracting wrong tooth (39.5%), giving wrong treatment (37.6%), tearing of the cheek/lips due to catching on a dental burr (35.7%), fracturing a tooth (34.4%), wrong diagnosis (28.1%), inadvertently hurting the patient (22.1%), inability to meet requirements before exams (19.1%), dealing with a fainting patient during dental treatment (18.7%). Two clinical anxiety precipitating situations had almost the same score including restoration failure/recurrent caries and endodontic retreatment procedures 14.8% and 14.4% respectively. Also, extracting tooth and arresting postoperative bleeding had the same score of 13.7%, while the rest of other clinical situations ranged from 11.8 to 1.1%. Conclusions dental students had a comparatively high level of anxiety during clinical classes especially females and those with dental phobia and previous bad dental experiences. Dental students may benefit from stress management classes, mentorship programs, and improved clinical supervision in order to reduce clinical anxiety and build resilience.

Tumasyan A., Adam W., Andrejkovic J.W., Bergauer T., Chatterjee S., Damanakis K., Dragicevic M., Escalante Del Valle A., Frühwirth R., Jeitler M., Krammer N., Lechner L., Liko D., Mikulec I., Paulitsch P., et. al.

Abstract A search is presented for the resonant production of a pair of standard model-like Higgs bosons using data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1. The final state consists of two b quark-antiquark pairs. The search is conducted in the region of phase space where at least one of the pairs is highly Lorentz-boosted and is reconstructed as a single large-area jet. The other pair may be either similarly merged or resolved, the latter reconstructed using two b-tagged jets. The data are found to be consistent with standard model processes and are interpreted as 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of the cross sections and the branching fractions of the spin-0 radion and the spin-2 bulk graviton that arise in warped extradimensional models. The limits set are in the range 9.74–0.29 fb and 4.94–0.19 fb for a narrow radion and a graviton, respectively, with masses between 1 and 3 TeV. For a radion and for a bulk graviton with widths 10% of their masses, the limits are in the range 12.5–0.35 fb and 8.23–0.23 fb, respectively, for the same masses. These limits result in the exclusion of a narrow-width graviton with a mass below 1.2 TeV, and of narrow and 10%-width radions with masses below 2.6, and 2.9 TeV, respectively.

Ayoub S.E., Ahmed A.M., Abdelwahed M.Y., Khalefa A.A., Awaji A.A., Zekry S.S., Ibrahim E.G., Eid H.M., Elasmer S.M., Fares R.

Abstract About 5% of the population suffers from fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic multi-symptom pain illness whose pathophysiology is still unknown. We aimed to be the first to investigate the possible association of sera levels of miR-217 and miR-532 in patients with fibromyalgia and correlate their expression levels to different clinical and biochemical disease criteria. This study included 80 participants who splitted into two groups: 40 fibromyalgia sufferers (12 male and 28 female), and 40 healthy volunteers (10 male and 30 female) who served as the control group. Venous blood samples were collected from all subjects. The miR-217 and miR-532 serum expressions were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). According to our data, the fold changes of miR-217 and miR-532 in fibromyalgia patients were significantly lower than in controls, for miR-217 (median = 0.1359, IQR: 0.038–0.287, P < 0.001) and miR-532 [median = 0.2199, IQR: (0.114–0.421), P < 0.001]. In addition, there was a significant negative relationship between Aspartate transaminase (AST) and both miR-217 and miR-532 (r = − 0.480, P = P < 0.001 r = − 0.462, P = P < 0.001), respectively. Serum miR-217 and miR-532 could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for fibromyalgia.

Mostafa A.O., El-Hawsh G.M.

Abstract In the present paper, we introduce the subclasses $$\sum _{b}^{*}\left( q,\phi \right) $$ ∑ b ∗ q , ϕ and $$\sum _{b}^{*}\left( \alpha ,q,\phi \right) $$ ∑ b ∗ α , q , ϕ of meromorphic functions $$f\left( z\right) $$ f z satisfying $$1+\frac{1}{b}\left[ -\frac{qzD_{q}^{*}f(z)}{f(z)}-1\right] \prec \phi (z)$$ 1 + 1 b - q z D q ∗ f ( z ) f ( z ) - 1 ≺ ϕ ( z ) and $$1+\frac{1}{b}\left[ \frac{-\left( 1-\frac{\alpha }{q}\right) qzD_{q}^{*}f\left( z\right) +\alpha qzD_{q}^{*}\left[ zD_{q}^{*}f\left( z\right) \right] }{\left( 1-\frac{\alpha }{q}\right) f\left( z\right) -\alpha zD_{q}^{*}f\left( z\right) }-1\right] \prec \phi (z)\ (b\in \mathbb {C} ^{*}=\mathbb {C}\backslash \left\{ 0\right\} ,\ $$ 1 + 1 b - 1 - α q q z D q ∗ f z + α q z D q ∗ z D q ∗ f z 1 - α q f z - α z D q ∗ f z - 1 ≺ ϕ ( z ) ( b ∈ C ∗ = C \ 0 , $$\alpha \in \mathbb {C}\backslash (0,1],\ \operatorname {Re}(\alpha )\ge 0,\ 0<q<1)$$ α ∈ C \ ( 0 , 1 ] , Re ( α ) ≥ 0 , 0 < q < 1 ) , respectively. Sharp bounds for the Fekete-Szegö functional $$\left| a_{1}-\mu a_{0}^{2}\right| $$ a 1 - μ a 0 2 are obtained.

Hammam N., El-Hadidi T., El-Hadidi K., Elsaman A., El-Bakry S.A., Nassr M., El-Saadany H.M., Mosad D., Nasef S.I., Selim Z.I., Samy N., Moshrif A., Taha H., Fawzy R.M., Al-Adle S.S., et. al.

Abstract Background Elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) may have peculiar findings compared to juvenile-onset RA (JORA). The aim of the work was to present and compare the clinical characteristics of RA patients with JORA and elderly-onset EORA to a group of cases with adult-onset (AORA) and to contrast the findings worldwide. Methods The study included 1100 adult RA patients: 209 JORA and 329 EORA, compared with 562 AORA extracted from a big data national study on 10,364 RA patients. Clinical characteristics, laboratory investigations, medications received, and co-morbidities were recorded. The disease activity index (DAS28) and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) were estimated. Results The JORA cases represented 19% and EORA 29.9% of the included cohort. The mean age at onset for JORA, EORA, and AORA were 15.1 ± 2.1, 64 ± 4.2, and 36.4 ± 10 years (p < 0.0001), and the female-male ratio was 6.2:1, 2.7:1, and 7.3:1 (p < 0.0001), respectively. In EORA, body mass index (28.8 ± 5.8) and frequencies of smokers (11.6%), diabetes (12.2%), hypertension (19.8%), and osteoporosis (5.2%) were significantly higher than in JORA (26.02 ± 5; 5.3%, 2.9%, 3.8%, and 1%) and AORA (27.6 ± 5.6; 3%, 8.4%, 14.9%, and 2.3%, p = 0.016) (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.009, respectively). In JORA, oral ulcers were significantly more frequent (p = 0.04); in EORA, cardiovascular manifestations (p < 0.0001) and hypothyroidism (p = 0.039) were more frequent; and DAS28 (p = 0.01) and HAQ (p = 0.038) were higher. Fibromyalgia and methotrexate administration were significantly more frequent in AORA (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.04, respectively). Rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, and double seropositivity were significantly more frequent in EORA (p < 0.0001, p = 0.008, and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion Comorbidities, cardiovascular manifestations, hypothyroidism, higher disease activity, and functional disability are more common in EORA patients. Key Points• Juvenile-onset and elderly-onset RA patients have notable differences compared to the adult-onset cases.• Co-morbidities and certain manifestations, including cardiovascular disease and hypothyroidism, as well as higher disease activity and functional disability, are more common in elderly-onset patients.• Fibromyalgia remains more frequent in adult-onset cases.