Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University

Kumar A., Singh S.K., Singh S.K.

This article explores the challenges and applications of the octonion Fourier transform, with a focus on wavelet analysis. We extend the Moritoh wavelet transform to the octonionic Besov spaces, the weighted octonionic Besov spaces, the octonionic BMO spaces, and the octonionic weighted BMO spaces. The derived bounds for the octonionic Moritoh wavelet transform in these spaces contribute to a deeper understanding of its behaviour. Our findings pave the way for future research in signal processing, image analysis, and the intersection of octonion wavelet analysis with other mathematical theories.

Venkatraman M., Kadian A., Ganesan A., Dong C., Singh A., Dev K., Selvaraj M., Subramanian A., Marappan S.

Gupta M., Singh P.

With the growing need for eco-friendly transportation, the rise of electric vehicles (EVs) has sparked a search for innovative charging approaches. This study aims to overcome the limitations of traditional charging methods by introducing a dynamic wireless charging (DWC) system integrated into roadways. The core of this solution involves creating a dedicated charging lane within the road, coupled with the integration of solar panels to not only generate clean energy but also mitigate potential road overheating issues, enabling EVs to recharge while on the move. Spanning a few kilometers and strategically placed after particular distances, these charging lanes offer a robust solution to the evolving energy needs of EVs. The functionality of this system relies on wireless power transfer principles, carefully aligned with the physics of electromagnetic fields. This novel approach marks a significant stride toward sustainable and time-efficient transportation infrastructure.

Shah S., Famta P., Kumar R., Vambhurkar G., Pandey G., Shinde A., Prasad S.B., Sharma A., Sharma A., Kanaujiya S., Arya D.K., Kolipaka T., Wagh S., Rajinikanth P.S., Srivastava S.

Oral carcinoma (OC) is the leading cause of mouth deformation and mortality in the world. It is the 6th most frequent cancer globally. OC is aggressive cancer-forming tumors that invade nearby tissues, leading to locoregional spread. Surgical ablation of large tumors leads to removal of a large chunk of the mouth leading to loss of function and aesthetics. Hence, the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy is common for the shrinking of tumors and the prevention of tumor recurrence. In this research, we have developed niclosamide (NIC)-loaded nanoparticles-impregnated gelatin nanofibers (NNPF) for local action. The developed nanoparticles demonstrated superior cytotoxicity in the oral cancer cell line compared to the free drug. Cell staining studies demonstrated increased apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation after treatment with NIC-loaded nanoparticles (NNP). Cell cycle analysis demonstrated cell cycle inhibition in the G0/G1 phase. Cytotoxicity studies in 3D tumoroids demonstrated the ability of NNP to prevent cancer cell growth in 3D arrangement. Thus, NNPF could prove to be a boon for localized delivery as implant-based systems for sustained release in various cancer therapeutic applications.

Sanjeet K., Mishra S.

The quality of nutrition in correctional facilities plays a crucial role in the health of incarcerated individuals. This review investigates dietary patterns within these institutions, examining their nutritional adequacy and compliance with established guidelines. The review aims to assess the nutritional content of meals provided in correctional settings and their impact on inmate health. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing studies that evaluate meal composition, adherence to nutritional standards, and associated health outcomes for inmates. Data was synthesized from diverse correctional facilities to highlight common trends and disparities. Findings reveal pervasive nutritional deficiencies across correctional facilities. Many meals lack adequate fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, relying heavily on processed foods high in sodium and sugar. Such imbalances can lead to significant health issues, including obesity, hypertension, and metabolic disorders among the incarcerated population. The review also highlights disparities based on facility types, geographic locations, and budgetary constraints, which influence the nutritional quality of meals. Addressing the nutritional deficiencies in correctional facilities is imperative for improving inmate health and facilitating rehabilitation. Implementing comprehensive meal planning, increasing access to fresh produce, and ensuring adherence to nutritional standards can enhance the dietary landscape in these settings. Future research should focus on effective interventions and policies aimed at improving nutritional offerings to support the health and well-being of incarcerated individuals.

Singh V.K., Azad P., Tiwari A.K.

Molecular docking, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity), and QSAR (Quantitative Structural Activity Relationships) profiling are integral components of drug discovery and development. In this study, we have utilized SeeSAR™ modules, BioSolveIT (FlexX docking) to evaluate the binding affinity of a series of 33 potential ligands for 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO). Additionally, ADMET prediction tools, including SwissADME, ADMETlab 2.0, and ADMEai, were used to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties. Regression analysis tools were used to predict the structural activity relationships of these ligands. Out of 33 compounds, eleven molecules exhibited strong binding affinity toward TSPO (PDB ID: 4RYI), with binding free energies ranging from -65 to -50 kcal/mol. The key residues responsible for their binding were TRP A:51, GLN A:94, MET A: 3, SER A:22, PHE A:12, LYS B:37, ARG A:29, GLY A:44, LYS B:32 in the active site primarily through van der Waals forces. Other important hydrophobic interactions involving residues LEU B:60, PHE A:12, PHE A:11, PHE B:11, TYR A:15, TYR B:15, VAL B:53, LEU B:57, ILE A:8, ILE B:8. ADMET properties like logBB and Log S indicated favourable blood brain barrier permeability and appropriate aqueous solubility profiles. QSAR studies showed a good correlation between Caco 2 and BBB. In summary this study identified several promising ligands with strong binding affinity toward TSPO with favourable molecular properties, and potential for good bioavailability. Further research and experimentation are required to validate the efficacy and safety of these compounds as viable pharmaceutical candidates in drug development and exploration.

Bhattacharya A., Verma P., Bharti C., Arora N.K.

Arya D.K., Pandey P., Kumar A., Chidambaram K., Fatease A.A., Pandey G., Srivastava S., Rajinikanth P.S.

Sanyal A., Brawar B., Maity S.K., Jana S., Polard J.M., Newton P., Williams G.S., Potirakis S.M., Haralambous H., Balasis G., Brundell J., Panchadhyayee P., Datta A., Maurya A.K., Ray S., et. al.

Solar eclipses present a valuable opportunity for controlled in situ ionosphere studies. This work explores the response of the upper atmosphere’s F-layer during the total eclipse of April 8, 2024, which was primarily visible across North and South America. Employing a multi-instrument approach, we analyze the impact on the ionosphere’s Total Electron Content (TEC) and Very Low Frequency (VLF) signals over a three-day period encompassing the eclipse (April 7 to 9, 2024). Ground-based observations leverage data from ten International GNSS Service (IGS)/Global Positioning System (GPS) stations and four VLF stations situated along the eclipse path. We compute vertical TEC (VTEC) alongside temporal variations in the VLF signal amplitude and phase to elucidate the ionosphere’s response. Notably, the IGS station data reveal a decrease in VTEC during the partial and total solar eclipse phases, signifying a reduction in ionization. While VLF data also exhibit a general decrease, they display more prominent fluctuations. Space-based observations incorporate data from Swarm and COSMIC-2 satellites as they traverse the eclipse path. Additionally, a spatiotemporal analysis utilizes data from the Global Ionospheric Map (GIM) database and the DLR’s (The German Aerospace Center’s) database. All space-based observations consistently demonstrate a significant depletion in VTEC during the eclipse. We further investigate the correlation between the percentage change in VTEC and the degree of solar obscuration, revealing a positive relationship. The consistent findings obtained from this comprehensive observational campaign bolster our understanding of the physical mechanisms governing ionospheric variability during solar eclipses. The observed depletion in VTEC aligns with the established principle that reduced solar radiation leads to decreased ionization within the ionosphere. Finally, geomagnetic data analysis confirms that external disturbances do not significantly influence our observations.

Kanchan K., Kumar D., Sonker B.

AbstractThe frequency‐limited model order reduction (FLMR) problem considers the model approximation within a desired frequency interval. It is observed that some of the existing FLMR methods tend to provide large approximation errors due to uneven distribution of intermediate eigenvalues. Hence, a new FLMR method based on novel frequency‐limited Gramians is proposed in this article to obtain a lower approximation error. The proposed technique gives a stable reduced‐order model due to the unique configuration of the Gramian matrices, which is obtained using intermediate fictitious input and output matrices. A comparative analysis using four numerical examples is provided, and it is found that the presented method produces better results than the prevailing methods.

Verma M.K., Yadav S.K., Varshney R., Vishwakarma G.K.

The population parameters estimation for several areas involves the development of various methods and techniques to improve the accuracy and efficiency of estimating population parameters. In order to accommodate for the impacts of technology, such as big data analytics, and on the overall cost of sampling, research must modify cost models. Thus there is still gap for searching more efficient estimators. In this study, the authors propose a ratio-product-cum-exponential-cum-logarithmic type estimator for the estimation of population mean by implying one auxiliary variable in stratified random sampling using conventional product, exponential, and logarithmic type estimators. We find the bias and MSE of proposed estimator in first order approximation and compared minimum MSE and highest PRE of proposed estimator with some existing estimators. The population parameter estimation in cost functions, potentially leading to more accurate and cost-effective survey designs. Now using the linear cost function and compute the minimum MSE and highest PRE of proposed estimator and compare the same existing estimators. The proposed estimator is more effective than other existing estimators, according to theoretical observations and numerical examples. Then proposed estimator in making them indispensable in fields ranging from public policy.

Nag A., Trivedi A., Farooqui A., Morthekai P.

This study presents a high-resolution palaeoclimate reconstruction based on a radiocarbon-dated 240 cm deep trench profile from Renuka Lake, Northwestern Himalaya, India. The palynological analysis provides insight into the palaeovegetation and palaeoclimatic dynamics of a subtropical, dense, mixed deciduous forest, predominantly characterized by Sal (Shorea robusta). The fossil pollen reveals the presence of tropical Sal mixed deciduous taxa, including Shorea robusta, Emblica officinalis, Murraya koenigii, Toona ciliata, Syzygium cumini, and Terminalia spp., which indicate that the region experiences a warm and humid climate with the strong Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) during ~7500–4460 cal yr BP. Subsequently, Sal-mixed deciduous forests were replaced by highland taxa, viz., Pinus roxburghii and Abies pindrow, suggesting dry and cold conditions during ~4460–3480 cal yr BP. Additionally, warm and humid (~3480–3240, ~3060–2680, ~2480–2270 cal yr BP) and cold and dry conditions (~3240–3060, ~2680–2480, ~2270–1965 cal yr BP) recorded alternatively in this region. Improved ISM prevailed ~1965–940 cal yr BP, followed by cold and dry conditions ~940–540 cal yr BP. From ~540 cal yr BP to present, the appearance of moist deciduous taxa alongside dry deciduous and highland taxa in similar proportions suggests moderate climate conditions in the region. Environmental reconstructions are supported by the Earth System Palaeoclimate Simulation (ESPS) model, providing an independent validation of the pollen-based interpretations. This research contributes to our understanding of long-term vegetation dynamics in the Northwestern Himalaya and offers valuable insights into the historical variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon, establishing a foundation for future investigations of climate-driven vegetation changes in the region.

Mishra P., Mishra J., Bharti C., Arora N.K.

Abiotic stress, such as salinity, not only affects the growth and development of crops but also has a negative impact on the uptake of both micronutrients and macronutrients in the edible parts of the plant. This study highlights the potential of salt-tolerant Pseudomonas taiwanensis PWR-1 having the ability to grow up to 1500 mM NaCl and depicting plant growth promoting activities up to 1000 mM NaCl. The bacterium was able to produce osmoprotectants (proline and glycine betaine) and antioxidants having DPPH scavenging activity at high salt concentrations. The bacterium was found to be an efficient zinc (Zn) solublizer even at high salt concentrations (23.84 mg/l at 800 mM NaCl) via the production of organic acids (428.23 μg/ml at 800 mM NaCl) utilizing Zn3(PO4)2 as the source of Zn. The study elucidated the mechanism behind Zn solubilization, primarily involving the production of organic acids such as gluconic acid, malonic acid, and fumaric acid at different salt concentrations. The presence of the Zn uptake transcriptional repressor (Zur) gene in the bacteria was found to regulate the influx and efflux of Zn ions in the bacterial cell. Application of salt-tolerant P. taiwanensis PWR-1 with a 50% reduced fertilizer dose was observed to enhance wheat growth, osmolyte and enzymatic antioxidant production, DPPH scavenging activity, and N, P, K, and Zn content in wheat grains. The treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (by 87.39%), electrolyte leakage (by 32.89%), as well as Na+ accumulation in leaves (by 91.25%), and roots (by 84.70%) of wheat 90 days after sowing (DAS) in comparison to control. Additionally, grain staining experiments employing 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (DTZ) indicated substantial Zn accumulation in wheat grains. Challenges posed by soil salinity impact crop production and nutrient content, which require effective management for sustainable farming practices. This study provides valuable insights for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, biofortification of Zn in wheat as well as the bioremediation of saline soil with the help of ST-PGPR strain of P. taiwanensis under saline conditions.

Yadav S.K., Vishwakarma G.K., Singh A.

This study proposes an effective method for estimating the population mean of a primary variable through known subsidiary variable parameters in ranked set sampling (RSS) for predictive estimation. Utilizing a modified Searls technique, it achieves efficient estimation while analyzing sampling properties like bias and mean squared errors (MSE) up to an order-one approximation. Optimal Searls constants are determined, pinpointing the minimum MSE for the proposed estimator based on these optimized scalars. Theoretical evaluations compare the efficiencies of this estimator with competitors based on predictive estimation and MSE. Conditions for its superior efficiency over competing estimators are outlined. Additionally, numerical comparisons via Monte-Carlo simulations on synthetic data using R Studio, and application to COVID-19 data, validate the reliability of the proposed Searls ranked set predictive estimators.

Pandey K., Khare P., Pandey S.K., Johari S., Bhatnagar P., Sonane M., Mishra A.

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of the neurons, excessive accumulation of misfolded Aβ and Tau proteins, and degeneration of neural synapses, primarily occurring in the neocortex and the hippocampus regions of the brain. AD Progression is marked by cognitive deterioration, memory decline, disorientation, and loss of problem-solving skills, as well as language. Due to limited comprehension of the factors contributing to AD and its severity due to neuronal loss, even today, the medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are not precisely efficient and curative. Stem cells possess great potential in aiding AD due to their self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation properties. Stem cell therapy can aid by replacing the lost neurons, enhancing neurogenesis, and providing an enriched environment to the pre-existing neural cells. Stem cell therapy has provided us with promising results in regard to the animal AD models, and even pre-clinical studies have shown rather positive results. Cell replacement therapies are potential curative means to treat AD, and there are a number of undergoing human clinical trials to make Stem Cell therapy accessible for AD patients. In this review, we aim to discuss the AD pathophysiology and varied stem cell types and their application.